{"id":1129,"date":"2021-07-09T14:55:30","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T14:55:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/?p=1129"},"modified":"2021-07-18T19:41:40","modified_gmt":"2021-07-18T19:41:40","slug":"az%c9%99rbaycan-xalq-cumhuriyy%c9%99ti-dovrunun-parlaq-s%c9%99hif%c9%99l%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/?p=1129","title":{"rendered":"Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn parlaq s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259ri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6t\u0259n \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015e\u0259rqind\u0259 ilk parlamentli respublikan\u0131n \u2013Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin qurulmas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tariximizin yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131 qoyuldu. M\u00fcst\u0259qillik arzusu il\u0259 ya\u015fayan Az\u0259rbaycan ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 tarixi \u015f\u0259raitin verdiyi f\u00fcrs\u0259td\u0259n m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 yararland\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00fcnki 1917-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda Rusiyada ba\u015f ver\u0259n inqilab n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259nqa\u00e7ma meyill\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259nmi\u015f, Rusiya D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dumas\u0131na se\u00e7ilmi\u015f C\u0259nubi Qafqazdan olan deputatlar \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 X\u00fcsusi Komit\u0259, noyabr ay\u0131nda is\u0259 Zaqafqaziya Komissarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. H\u0259min ilin noyabr\u0131nda Rusiya M\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r M\u0259clisin\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar 14 deputat yeri qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. 1918-ci il fevral\u0131n 22-d\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqazdan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259r Zaqafqaziya Seyminin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, hakimiyy\u0259tin onlar\u0131n idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 verilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. H\u0259min il aprelin 22-d\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil Zaqafqaziya Demokratik Federativ Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar Zaqafqaziya Seymind\u0259 4 siyasi partiyan\u0131n timsal\u0131nda 44 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 il\u0259 t\u0259msil olunurdular.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zaqafqaziya Seymind\u0259 ged\u0259n ziddiyy\u0259tli prosesl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00fcmumi dil tapmaq \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdi. May\u0131n 26-da Zaqafqaziya Seymi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ax\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131 iclas\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7ir\u00admi\u015fdi. Ert\u0259si g\u00fcn G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi b\u0259yan edilmi\u015fdi. May\u0131n 27-d\u0259 Seymin m\u00fcs\u0259lman fraksi\u00adyas\u0131 M\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259min R\u0259sulzad\u0259nin s\u0259drliyi il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015eura\u00ads\u0131n\u0131 elan etdi.<\/p>\n

1918-ci il may\u0131n 28-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Milli \u015euras\u0131 Tiflisd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0130stiqlal B\u0259yannam\u0259sini q\u0259bul ed\u0259r\u0259k onun m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcn\u00adyaya b\u0259yan etdi. May\u0131n 30-da h\u00f6kum\u0259tin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyskinin imzas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259sas siyasi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin\u0259 radio-te\u00adleqraflar g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi.<\/p>\n

Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin s\u00fcqutunad\u0259k konstitusiyan\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130stiqlal B\u0259yannam\u0259sinin m\u00fcdd\u0259alar\u0131 \u0259sas qanunu \u0259v\u0259z etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin yarad\u0131l\u00admas\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tarixind\u0259 yeni s\u0259hif\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stiqlal B\u0259yannam\u0259sinin elan edildiyi 1918-ci ilin 28 May\u0131 haz\u0131rda d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin b\u0259rpa edilm\u0259si g\u00fcn\u00fc \u2013 Respublika G\u00fcn\u00fc kimi qeyd edilir.<\/p>\n

C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t qurucular\u0131n\u0131n q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259ri m\u00fch\u00fcm i\u015fl\u0259rin xronikas\u0131na n\u0259z\u0259r sald\u0131qda d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259n z\u0259ruri t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildiyinin \u015fahidi oluruq.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6kum\u0259t.\u00a0<\/strong>H\u00f6kum\u0259t Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin ali icra hakimiyy\u0259ti orqan\u0131 idi. AXC h\u00f6kum\u0259ti v\u0259 Milli \u015euras\u0131 1918-ci il iyunun 16-da Tiflisd\u0259n G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fckd\u0259n sonra G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 olan Qafqaz \u0130slam Ordusunun koman\u00addan\u0131 Nuru Pa\u015fa il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti aras\u0131nda g\u0259rginlik yaran\u00adm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bel\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 Milli \u015eura f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259yin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcb, daha \u0259lveri\u015fli vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc buraxma\u011fa m\u0259cbur olmu\u015f v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 h\u0259val\u0259 etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi v\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u011frunda \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flayan m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin G\u0259nc\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259ri milli d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyimiz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli olan bir s\u0131ra q\u0259rarlar\u0131n \u2013 erm\u0259ni-bol\u015fevik i\u015f\u011fal\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259rbi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan edilm\u0259si (19 iyun 1918-ci il), Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Ordusunun (Korpusunun) ya\u00adrad\u0131lmas\u0131 (26 iyun 1918-ci il), h\u0259rbi nazirliyin t\u0259sis edilm\u0259si (1 noyabr 1918-ci il) haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bulu il\u0259 tarixi yadda\u015f\u0131m\u0131za daxil olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

1918-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 15-d\u0259 Qafqaz \u0130slam Ordusunun v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Ordusunun k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n erm\u0259ni-bol\u015fevik i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan azad edilm\u0259sind\u0259n iki g\u00fcn sonra Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259n Bak\u0131ya k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 5 d\u0259f\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t kabineti qurulmu\u015fdur. Bunun 2-si parlament\u00e7ilik tari\u00adximizin birinci d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259, 3-\u00fc is\u0259 ikinci d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir. Be\u015f kabin\u0259d\u0259n 3-n\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoys\u00adki, 2-n\u0259 is\u0259 N\u0259sib b\u0259y Yusifb\u0259yli r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etmi\u015fdir. Sonuncu \u00fc\u00e7 kabin\u0259d\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin t\u0259rkibi beyn\u0259lmil\u0259l olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Parlament.\u00a0<\/strong>1918-ci il noyabr\u0131n 16-da Bak\u0131da yenid\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131 h\u0259min il noyabr\u0131n 19-da respub\u00adlikada ali hakimiyy\u0259t orqan\u0131 kimi 120 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t Az\u0259rbaycan C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti Parlamentini yarat\u00admaq haqq\u0131nda qanun q\u0259bul edir. 1918-ci il dekabr\u0131n 7-d\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u00fcz saat 1-d\u0259 Hac\u0131 Zeynalabdin Ta\u011f\u0131\u00adyevin ke\u00e7mi\u015f q\u0131z m\u0259kt\u0259binin bina\u00ads\u0131nda m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015e\u0259rqind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq Az\u0259rbaycan C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti Parlamentinin ilk iclas\u0131 t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisinin \u00fcmumi say\u0131na m\u00fcvaf\u0131q olaraq erm\u0259ni n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 21 yer, rus n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 10 yer ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na baxmayaraq onlar Az\u0259rbaycan Parlamentinin ilk iclas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u00adda i\u015ftirak etm\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r. Rus Milli \u015euras\u0131 1919-cu il yanvar\u0131n 31-d\u0259n, erm\u0259nil\u0259r is\u0259 h\u0259min ilin fevral\u0131n\u00addan Parlamentin i\u015fin\u0259 qat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u00adlar. 1919-cu ilin ax\u0131rlar\u0131na yax\u0131n Parlamentd\u0259 11 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif partiya fraksiyas\u0131 v\u0259 qrupunu c\u0259mi 96 de\u00adputat t\u0259msil edirdi. Parlamentd\u0259ki siyasi partiyalar v\u0259 qurumlar\u0131n q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r nisb\u0259ti a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi idi: \u201cM\u00fcsavat\u201d v\u0259 bit\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r fraksiya\u00ads\u0131 \u2013 38 n\u0259f\u0259r, \u201c\u0130ttihad\u201d \u2013 13 n\u0259f\u0259r, \u201c\u018fhrar\u201d \u2013 6 n\u0259f\u0259r, \u201cSosialistl\u0259r\u201d bloku \u2013 13 n\u0259f\u0259r, partiyas\u0131zlar \u2013 4 n\u0259f\u0259r, m\u00fcst\u0259qill\u0259r \u2013 3 n\u0259f\u0259r, \u201cRus-slavyan c\u0259miyy\u0259ti\u201d fraksiyas\u0131 \u2013 5 n\u0259f\u0259r, erm\u0259ni fraksiyas\u0131 \u2013 5 n\u0259f\u0259r, \u201cDa\u015fnaksutyun\u201d fraksiyas\u0131 \u2013 6 n\u0259f\u0259r, \u201cAzl\u0131qda qalan mill\u0259tl\u0259r\u201d fraksiyas\u0131 \u2013 4 n\u0259f\u0259r.<\/p>\n

C\u0259mi 17 ayl\u0131q f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti Parlamentinin 145 iclas\u0131 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. Yet\u0259rsay olma\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iclaslardan 15-i ba\u015f tut\u00admam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00d6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti Parla\u00admentinin m\u00fczakir\u0259sin\u0259 270-d\u0259n \u00e7ox qanun layih\u0259si \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, onlardan da 230-a yax\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015fdur. Parlamentin 1920-ci il aprelin 27-d\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n son iclas\u0131nda hakimiyy\u0259tin dinc yolla bol\u015fevikl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259hvil verilm\u0259si haq\u00adq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Qanunverici orqan\u0131n ilk icla\u00ads\u0131nda \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov parlamentin s\u0259dri, doktor H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y A\u011fayev is\u0259 s\u0259drin birinci m\u00fcavini se\u00e7ilmi\u015fdil\u0259r. \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov bu vaxt \u0130stan\u00adbulda oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn parlament\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y A\u011fayev, sonra is\u0259 M\u0259mm\u0259d Yusif C\u0259f\u0259rov s\u0259drlik etmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u018frazi.\u00a0<\/strong>Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin m\u00fcbahis\u0259siz \u0259razisi 97 297 67 kv. km (Bak\u0131 quberniyas\u0131nda 39 075 15 kv. km, G\u0259nc\u0259 quberniyas\u0131nda 44 371 29 kv. km, Zaqatala quberniyas\u0131nda 3 992 54 kv. km, \u0130r\u0259van quberni\u00adyas\u0131nda 9 858 69 kv. km) t\u0259\u015fkil et\u00admi\u015fdir. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan aras\u0131nda m\u00fcbahis\u0259li \u0259razisi 16 598 30 kv. km (\u0130r\u0259van quberniyas\u0131nda 7 913 17 kv. km, Tiflis quberniyas\u0131nda 8 685 30 kv. km) olmu\u015fdur. AXC d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259li \u0259razil\u0259rl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisi 113 895 97 kv. km olmu\u015f\u00addur.<\/p>\n

Yeni yaranm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn apar\u0131lan da\u00adn\u0131\u015f\u0131qlarda Az\u0259rbaycan t\u0259r\u0259fi \u201cmill\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00f6z m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yinetm\u0259 prinsipi\u201dni \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcs\u0259, Erm\u0259nistan t\u0259r\u0259fi uydurma \u201ctarixi prinsipl\u0259r\u0259\u201d \u0259saslan\u0131r, guya, q\u0259dimd\u0259 h\u0259min m\u00fcbahis\u0259li \u0259razil\u0259rin uydurma \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck Erm\u0259nistan\u201d \u0259razisin\u0259 daxil oldu\u011funu iddia edirdi. \u00dcst\u0259lik, Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n 29 may tarixli iclas\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin Erm\u0259nistana paytaxt kimi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 gedilm\u0259si erm\u0259nil\u0259ri yeni-yeni Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razil\u0259rini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 \u015firnikl\u0259ndirmi\u015fdi. 1919-cu il may\u0131n 28-d\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan parlamenti \u201cBirl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Erm\u0259nistan haqq\u0131nda akt\u201d q\u0259bul etmi\u015f, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Nax\u00e7\u0131van, Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 Z\u0259ng\u0259zur \u0259razil\u0259rini \u201cBirl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Erm\u0259nistan\u201d \u0259razisin\u0259 daxil etdiyini b\u0259yan etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

\u018fhali.\u00a0<\/strong>G\u00fcl\u00fcstan (1813) v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay (1828) m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin yaranmas\u0131nad\u0259k olan d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n aborigen t\u00fcrk-m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259halisin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 yeritdiyi ayr\u0131se\u00e7kilik siyas\u0259ti, erm\u0259nil\u0259rin k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n deportasiya\u00adlar v\u0259 soyq\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisinin etnik t\u0259rkibi m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi. Lakin az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar yen\u0259 d\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqazda \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r. 1918-ci ilin noyabr ay\u0131nda \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fovun Antanta d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u0130stanbul\u00addak\u0131 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259qdim etdiyi memorandumda C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n 237055 kv. km-lik \u0259razisind\u0259 7667370 n\u0259f\u0259rin ya\u00ad\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 qeyd olunurdu ki, onlar\u0131n da etnik t\u0259rkibi bel\u0259 idi: 3306000 (43,1%) m\u00fcs\u0259lman, 1786000 (23,3%) erm\u0259ni, 1641000 (21,4%) g\u00fcrc\u00fc. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin h\u0259qiqi hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131nda olan \u0259razi C\u0259nubi Qafqaz \u0259razisinin 38%-ni, Az\u0259rbaycan hakimiyy\u0259tinin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 is\u0259 60,7%-ni \u0259hat\u0259 etdiyi g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi.<\/p>\n

R\u0259mzl\u0259r.\u00a0<\/strong>Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin 21 iyun 1918-ci il tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 a\u011f r\u0259ngli aypara v\u0259 s\u0259kkizgu\u015f\u0259li ulduz t\u0259sviri olan q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ngli bayraq Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin ilk d\u00f6vl\u0259t bayra\u011f\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdi. Bu bayraq \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 a\u011f r\u0259ngli aypara v\u0259 s\u0259kkizgu\u015f\u0259li ulduz t\u0259sviri olan q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ngli idi.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti Nazirl\u0259r \u015euras\u0131 1918-ci il noyabr\u0131n 9-da Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yeni \u00fc\u00e7r\u0259ngli \u2013 mavi, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, ya\u015f\u0131l zolaqlardan ibar\u0259t v\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 a\u011f r\u0259ngli aypara v\u0259 s\u0259kkizgu\u015f\u0259li ulduz t\u0259sviri olan milli bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sdiq edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan Res\u00adpublikas\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 dal\u011falanan m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s d\u00f6vl\u0259t bayra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u2013 milli bayra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1918-ci il noyabr\u0131n 9-da Bak\u0131da, Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti Nazirl\u0259r \u015eu\u00adras\u0131n\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi binada (\u0130ndiki Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft \u015eirk\u0259tinin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi binada) q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f v\u0259 qald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriy-y\u0259tinin \u00fc\u00e7r\u0259ngli bayra\u011f\u0131 1990-c\u0131 il noyabr\u0131n 17-d\u0259 q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycan diyar\u0131 Nax\u00e7\u0131vanda b\u00f6y\u00fck siyas\u0259t\u00e7isi v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadimi Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t bayra\u011f\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul edil\u0259r\u0259k y\u00fcks\u0259kl\u0259r\u0259 qald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131 Ali M\u0259clisinin v\u0259sat\u0259ti il\u0259 1991-ci il fevral\u0131n 5-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Res\u00adpublikas\u0131 Ali Soveti \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t bayra\u011f\u0131 haqq\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan Respubli\u00adkas\u0131n\u0131n Qanunu\u201dnu q\u0259bul etdi. Bu Konstitusiya qanunu il\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7r\u0259ngli milli bayra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Az\u0259rbaycan Res\u00adpublikas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t bayra\u011f\u0131 kimi t\u0259sdiq olundu.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin 17 noyabr 2009-cu il tarixli s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259r il noyabr ay\u0131n\u0131n 9-u Az\u0259rbaycan Respubli\u00adkas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t Bayra\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc kimi qeyd edilir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti Nazirl\u0259r \u015euras\u0131 1920-ci il yanvar\u0131n 30-da \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublika\u00ads\u0131n\u0131n gerb v\u0259 m\u00f6h\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, milli himninin v\u0259 h\u0259rbi ordenl\u0259rinin layih\u0259l\u0259rinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 haqq\u0131n\u00adda\u201d q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdi. Lakin milli d\u00f6vl\u0259tin s\u00fcqut etm\u0259si bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri h\u0259ll etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verm\u0259di. Az\u0259rbaycan Res\u00adpublikas\u0131n\u0131n Milli M\u0259clisi 1993-c\u00fc il yanvar\u0131n 19-da q\u0259bul etdiyi Kons\u00adtitusiya Qanunu il\u0259 1919\u20131920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t gerbi layih\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rl\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Res\u00adpublikas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t gerbi kimi t\u0259sdiq etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan Respub\u00adlikas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t himninin layih\u0259si 1919\u20131920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 haz\u0131rlansa da, o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn tarixi-siyasi hadis\u0259l\u0259ri onun qanunvericilik s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259buluna imkan verm\u0259mi\u015fdir. 1992-ci il may\u0131n 27-d\u0259 Milli M\u0259clis \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respubli\u00adkas\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t himni haqq\u0131nda\u201d Qanun q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir. Qanuna \u0259sas\u0259n, 1919-cu ild\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck b\u0259st\u0259kar \u00dczeyir Hac\u0131b\u0259yov v\u0259 \u015fair \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifi olduqlar\u0131 “Az\u0259rbaycan mar\u015f\u0131” Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n D\u00f6vl\u0259t himni kimi t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Diplomatik \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r.\u00a0<\/strong>Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq \u00c7\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 xarici siyas\u0259t v\u0259 dip\u00adlomatik \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r Xarici \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyi, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n xarici d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259ki s\u0259firlikl\u0259ri, diplo\u00admatik n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259likl\u0259ri, konsul\u00adluqlar\u0131, habel\u0259, xarici d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 diplomatik n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259likl\u0259ri v\u0259 konsulluqlar\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin d\u00fcnya d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131n\u00admas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7u\u00adba\u015fovun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda Paris s\u00fclh konfrans\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

AXC d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 M\u0259mm\u0259dh\u0259s\u0259n Hac\u0131nski, \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u00ad\u015fov, F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyski, M\u0259mm\u0259d Yusif C\u0259f\u0259rov xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri olmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n

M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan T\u0259kinski, \u018fbd\u00fcrr\u0259him b\u0259y Haqverdiyev, Tey\u00admur b\u0259y Makinski Erm\u0259nistanda, M\u0259mm\u0259dyusif C\u0259f\u0259rov v\u0259 Fa\u00adris b\u0259y V\u0259kilov G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanda, \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov v\u0259 Yusif b\u0259y V\u0259zirov (\u00c7\u0259m\u0259nz\u0259minli) \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 Ukraynada, sonra is\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259sind\u0259, \u018fkb\u0259r a\u011fa Sad\u0131qov T\u00fcrk\u00fcstanda (Zakaspid\u0259) diplomatik n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 olmu\u015flar. Adil xan Ziyadxanov \u0130randa s\u0259fir olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

1919\u20131920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n T\u0259brizd\u0259 v\u0259 Ba\u00adtumda ba\u015f konsullu\u011fu, Kr\u0131mda, R\u0259\u015ftd\u0259 konsullu\u011fu, M\u0259\u015fh\u0259dd\u0259 vitse-konsullu, Xoy v\u0259 \u018fh\u0259rd\u0259 konsul agentlikl\u0259ri, Kuban v\u0259 Don h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259ri yan\u0131nda s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda, Bak\u0131da Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n dip\u00adlomatik n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259likl\u0259ri, B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n, AB\u015e-\u0131n, \u0130taliyan\u0131n, Fransan\u0131n, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259nin, \u0130sve\u00e7in, Bel\u00e7ikan\u0131n, Finlandiyan\u0131n, Yuna\u00adn\u0131stan\u0131n, Danimarkan\u0131n, Litvan\u0131n, Pol\u015fan\u0131n v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n konsulluq\u00adlar\u0131, konsul agentl\u0259ri f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir<\/p>\n

1920-ci il yanvar\u0131n 11-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi Antanta Ali \u015euras\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nd\u0131q\u00addan sonra h\u00f6kum\u0259tin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cQ\u0259rbi Avropa v\u0259 Amerikada Az\u0259rbaycan C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin diplomatik missiyalar\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131l\u00admas\u0131 v\u0259 Paris s\u00fclh konfrans\u0131ndak\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259liyinin l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d qanun layih\u0259si Parlamentd\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 olundu v\u0259 q\u0259bul edildi. H\u0259min qanuna g\u00f6r\u0259, 1920 il aprelin 1-d\u0259n etibar\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya, Fransa, \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259, \u0130taliya, AB\u015e, Almani\u00adya, Rusiya v\u0259 Pol\u015fada (Latvi\u00adya, Litva, Estoniya, Finlandiya, Ukrayna, Rum\u0131niya) Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin diplomatik n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259likl\u0259ri t\u0259sis olunmal\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Lakin sovet-b\u00f6l\u015fevik reji\u00adminin beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquq nor\u00admalar\u0131m kobudcas\u0131na pozaraq \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259si v\u0259 de-fakto tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tini aradan g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 dip\u00adlomatik \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r sistemind\u0259 t\u0259msil olunmas\u0131na son qoyuldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130qtisadiyyat.\u00a0<\/strong>M\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t h\u00f6kum\u0259ti bir s\u0131ra cari t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259llind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm u\u011furlar qa\u00adzanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Neft s\u0259nayesi a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Bak\u0131 \u2013 Culfa d\u0259miryolunun in\u015fas\u0131 davam etdirilmi\u015f, K\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00f6rp\u00fc sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Ban\u00adk\u0131 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, milli pul ni\u015fanlar\u0131 burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259niz g\u0259mi\u00e7iliyi inki\u015faf etdirilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin xarici iqtisadi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131rma\u00ad\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u0259halinin z\u0259ruri mallara olan ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259kd\u0259n v\u0259 x\u0259zin\u0259nin g\u0259lirl\u0259rini art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lav\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r axtar\u0131b tapmaq\u00addan ibar\u0259t olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 neft s\u0259nayesi iqtisadiyyat\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl sah\u0259si say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnki bu zaman neft d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mli h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tverici q\u00fcvv\u0259si idi. Odur ki, parlament v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t neft hasilat\u0131 v\u0259 emal\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u0259hlil edir, d\u00fcnya neft bazar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nirdi.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6kum\u0259tin ciddi s\u0259yl\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 1919-cu ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u2013 Batum neft k\u0259m\u0259ri d\u0259 b\u0259rpa edil\u0259r\u0259k istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilmi\u015f\u00addi. 1919-cu ilin avqust ay\u0131nda ingilis qo\u015funlar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 t\u0259rk etdikd\u0259n sonra Bak\u0131 liman\u0131 v\u0259 ticar\u0259t donanmas\u0131 da C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131na ke\u00e7\u00admi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Sosial siyas\u0259t.\u00a0<\/strong>Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 sosial probleml\u0259r d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 idi. Bu, t\u0259sdiq olunan qanunlarda, h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n konk\u00adret t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. H\u00f6kum\u0259t yoxsullu\u011fu minimum h\u0259dd\u0259 endirm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fczvl\u0259rin\u0259 el\u0259 bir g\u0259lir \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259minat yaratma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131 ki, onlar bu g\u0259lirl\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rinin z\u0259ruri ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259 bilsinl\u0259r. Qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar\u0131n maddi ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, onlara tibbi xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259sinin t\u0259\u015fkili v\u0259 bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u00adqa m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi. Yeni x\u0259st\u0259xanalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, tibb kadrlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlan\u00admas\u0131, yoluxucu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin qar\u00ad\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, \u0259halinin d\u0259rman vasit\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259minat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259n kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r v\u0259sait ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u0259hsil.\u00a0<\/strong>Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni-maarif sah\u0259sind\u0259 bir s\u0131ra m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. H\u00f6kum\u0259tin 1918-ci il 27 iyun tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, t\u00fcrk dili d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili elan edilmi\u015fdi. T\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si ol\u00admu\u015fdu. Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin 1918-ci il 28 avqust tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn ibtidai t\u0259dris m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hsil \u015fagirdl\u0259rin \u00f6z ana dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmal\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili olan ana dilinin t\u0259drisi icbari sur\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r\u0259 olan ehtiyac\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1918-ci ild\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259, \u015e\u0259ki v\u0259 Zaqatalada q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli pedaqoji kurslar t\u0259\u015fkil edilmi\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 22 iyun 1918-ci ild\u0259 Qori M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r Seminariyas\u0131n\u0131n Qazax \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

1918-ci il iyulun 23-d\u0259 AXC h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n 50 m\u00fc\u0259llim d\u0259v\u0259t edilmi\u015fdi. Onlar 1919-cu ilin oktyabr ay\u0131n\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259lib m\u00fc\u0259llimlik f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f\u00add\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1919-cu ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 637 ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259b, 23 orta-ixtisas t\u0259hsili m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r var idi. Orta m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r aras\u0131nda 6 ki\u015fi v\u0259 4 qad\u0131n gimnaziyas\u0131, 5 realn\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259b, 3 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r seminari\u00adyas\u0131 (Bak\u0131, G\u0259nc\u0259 v\u0259 Qazax), 3 M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Nina (Bak\u0131, G\u0259nc\u0259 v\u0259 \u015e\u0259ki) q\u0131z t\u0259dris m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si, politexnik m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 kommersiya m\u0259kt\u0259bi m\u00f6vcud idi.<\/p>\n

Xalq Maarif Nazirliyi Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 d\u0259rslikl\u0259rin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259\u015fri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn komissiya t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdi. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259 d\u0259rs v\u0259saitl\u0259ri v\u0259 d\u0259rslikl\u0259r al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ali t\u0259hsilli milli kadrlar\u0131n haz\u0131r\u00adlanmas\u0131na prioritet m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 kimi bax\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti 1919-cu il sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 parla\u00admentin q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259sis edilmi\u015fdir. Universiteti professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259ti il\u0259 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tan\u0131n\u00adm\u0131\u015f aliml\u0259r d\u0259v\u0259t olunmu\u015fdular. Avadanl\u0131q, kitablar al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1 milyon manat v\u0259sait ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ali t\u0259hsil almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 100 n\u0259f\u0259r az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 abituriyent parlamen\u00adtin q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u2013 Alma\u00adniya, \u0130taliya, Fransa v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 yola sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin Rusiyan\u0131n t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259si d\u0259 q\u0259rara al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t.\u00a0<\/strong>Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni inki\u015faf\u0131na v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqisin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131da 1918-ci il mart soyq\u0131\u00adr\u0131m\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dildikd\u0259n sonra teatr v\u0259 aktyor f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rini dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f\u00add\u0131lar. Yaln\u0131z Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259ti G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259n Bak\u0131ya k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fckd\u0259n sonra teatr truppala\u00adr\u0131n\u0131n yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil olunmas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Bak\u0131da f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini b\u0259rpa etmi\u015f ilk truppa \u201cHac\u0131b\u0259yli qarda\u015flar\u0131\u201d truppas\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259zalar\u0131nda da teatr truppa\u00adlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil olunmu\u015fdu. \u015eu\u015fada Hac\u0131b\u0259yli qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n teatr m\u00fcdiriyy\u0259tinin filial\u0131 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u00f6kum\u0259tin 1918-ci il 9 oktyabr tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n teatr i\u015fi Maarif Nazirliyinin s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131na verilmi\u015fdi. Nazirl\u0259r \u015euras\u0131 17 noyabr 1919-cu ild\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n icla\u00ads\u0131nda D\u00f6vl\u0259t T\u00fcrk Opera \u2013 Dram Teatr\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda qanunu t\u0259sdiq etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan musiqi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131nda xalq xan\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 el a\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259sna rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Memarl\u0131q v\u0259 heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015fl\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259ti sah\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdi. Xalq Maarifi Nazirliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 Nizaminin m\u0259qb\u0259r\u0259sinin tikintisin\u0259 500 min manat v\u0259sait ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 muzeyl\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm i\u015fl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00adm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. \u201c\u0130stiqlal\u201d muzeyi 1919-cu il dekabr\u0131n 7-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Parla\u00admentinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259sinin ild\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcnasib\u0259til\u0259 onun bi\u00adnas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 v\u0259 parlamentin n\u0259zdind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6kum\u0259t \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 kinematoqra\u00adfiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na da x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t yetirmi\u015fdir. 1919-cu ild\u0259 Bak\u0131da 16 kinematoqraf f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. H\u0259min ild\u0259 ilk r\u0259ssaml\u0131q studiyas\u0131 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u0259tbuat.\u00a0<\/strong>Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. 30 oktyabr 1919-cu ild\u0259 \u201cM\u0259tbuat haqq\u0131nda Nizamnam\u0259\u201d t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdi. H\u00f6kum\u0259tin 1918-ci il 9 noyabr tarixli s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259tbuat v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi informasiya vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u0259zmunu, n\u0259\u015fri v\u0259 yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u0259zar\u0259ti (y\u0259ni senzura) l\u0259\u011fv olunmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

1918-1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 milli m\u0259tbuat, bol\u015fevik m\u0259tbuat\u0131, eser-men\u015fevik m\u0259tbuat\u0131, erm\u0259ni-da\u015fnak m\u0259tbuat\u0131, he\u00e7 bir siyasi partiyaya m\u0259nsub olmayan q\u0259zetl\u0259r, jurnallar m\u00f6vcud idi. Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u201c\u0130stiqlal\u201d (1918-20), \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan\u201d (1918-20), \u201c\u00d6vraqi-n\u0259fis\u0259\u201d (1919), \u201cM\u00fcs\u0259lmanl\u0131q\u201d (1917-19), \u201cQurtu\u00adlu\u015f\u201d (1920), \u201cM\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u201d (1920), \u201cG\u0259ncl\u0259r yurdu\u201d (1918), \u201c\u015eeypur\u201d (1918-19), \u201cZ\u0259nbur\u201d (1919) kimi milli istiqlal ideyal\u0131 m\u0259tbuat orqan\u00adlar\u0131 n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur. \u201cM\u00fcsavat\u201d partiyas\u0131n\u0131n orqanlar\u0131 \u201c\u0130stiqlal\u201d, \u201cA\u00e7\u0131q s\u00f6z\u201d, rus dilind\u0259 \u201cNa\u015f put\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259ri idi. \u201c\u018fhrar\u201d partiyas\u0131 \u201cEl\u201d, h\u00fcmm\u0259t\u00e7i men\u015fevikl\u0259r \u201cDo\u011fru yol\u201d, eserl\u0259r \u201cXalq\u00e7\u0131\u201d, \u201cF\u0259hl\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259rini n\u0259\u015fr edirdil\u0259r. \u0130ttihad\u00e7\u0131lar \u201cM\u00fcs\u0259lmanl\u0131q\u201d q\u0259zeti il\u0259 t\u0259msil olunmu\u015fdu. Yarad\u0131c\u0131 ziyal\u0131lar \u201cM\u0259kt\u0259b\u201d v\u0259 \u201cB\u0259sir\u0259t\u201d m\u0259cmu\u0259l\u0259rini, bol\u015fevikl\u0259r \u201cF\u00fcq\u0259ra s\u0259das\u0131\u201d, \u201cHaqq s\u0259das\u0131\u201d, \u201cYolda\u015f\u201d, \u201cM\u0259\u015f\u0259l\u201d, \u201cG\u0259nc i\u015f\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259rini n\u0259\u015fr edirdil\u0259r. \u0130ranl\u0131 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cBayra\u011f\u0131-\u0259dal\u0259t\u201d, \u201cH\u00fcrriyy\u0259t\u201d, \u201cS\u0259dayi-\u0130ran\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259ri \u00e7ap olunur\u00addu. 1918\u201320-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Bak\u0131da yerli bol\u015fevikl\u0259rl\u0259 eyni m\u00f6vqed\u0259 daya\u00adnan v\u0259 milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcxalif\u0259td\u0259 olan \u201cBakinets\u201d, \u201cBakinskaya jizn\u201d, \u201cBakinski rabo\u00e7i\u201d, \u201cBakinskoye slovo\u201d, \u201cBakinskoye utro\u201d, \u201c\u0130skra\u201d, \u201cNabat\u201d, \u201cNa\u015fa jizn\u201d, \u201cProletari\u201d v\u0259 s. rusdilli q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar da \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. 1918\u201320-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda erm\u0259ni dilind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 qat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u00e7ilik m\u00f6vqeyind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n \u201cArtsax\u201d, \u201cAparaj\u201d v\u0259 s. q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar x\u00fcsusil\u0259 f\u0259all\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n

1919-cu ilin mart\u0131nda Teleqraf Agentliyinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haq\u00adq\u0131nda Nazirl\u0259r \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u00fcnya\u00adya \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fin\u0259 xidm\u0259t edirdi.<\/p>\n

C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin s\u00fcqutu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1920-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259d\u0259k Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n daxili siyasi h\u0259yat\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud olan nisbi sabitlik uzun s\u00fcrm\u0259di. \u00d6lk\u0259nin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc Rusiyadan g\u0259l\u0259n bol\u015fevik t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si ald\u0131. Mart ay\u0131nda Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n t\u0259hriki il\u0259 Qa\u00adraba\u011fda ba\u015flanan erm\u0259ni i\u011fti\u015fa\u015f\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ordu hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin Bak\u0131dan Qaraba\u00ad\u011fa g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259si Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Orduya qar\u015f\u0131 ciddi m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259yi m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fcz etdi. Parlament 1920-ci il aprelin 27-d\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n sonuncu iclas\u0131nda Rusiyan\u0131n h\u0259rbi m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 fakt qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda qalaraq, hakimiyy\u0259tin bol\u015fevikl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259hvil verilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar \u00e7\u0131xarma\u011fa m\u0259cbur edildi.<\/p>\n

\u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan yenid\u0259n Rusiyan\u0131n cayna\u011f\u0131na ke\u00e7s\u0259 d\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 tarixind\u0259 d\u0259rin iz buraxd\u0131. Xal\u00adq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil ya\u015fama\u011fa, \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini b\u0259rpa etm\u0259y\u0259 qadir oldu\u011fu s\u00fcbut edildi. Yuxar\u0131da sadalad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z faktlar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, c\u0259mi 23 ay ya\u015famas\u0131na baxmayaraq, Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti \u0259sr\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 imza atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca probleml\u0259ri Qaraba\u011fda erm\u0259ni separatizmi\u00adnin g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259si, Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycana qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259sass\u0131z \u0259razi iddias\u0131 v\u0259 qa\u00e7q\u0131nlar problemi olmu\u015fdur. 1991-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 18-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan yenid\u0259n \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini b\u0259rpa ed\u0259n zaman yenid\u0259n h\u0259min probleml\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdi. 1991\u20131994-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan havadarlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259rbi-siyasi d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisinin 20 faizini i\u015f\u011fal etdi. Bir milyona yax\u0131n qa\u00e7\u00adq\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn problemi \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259sas problemin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. N\u0259hay\u0259t, 2020-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 27-d\u0259 ba\u015flanan \u0130kinci Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcharib\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 torpaqla\u00adr\u0131m\u0131z i\u015f\u011faldan azad edildi, i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 Erm\u0259nistan kapitulyasiya akt\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131. M\u0259cburi k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rin B\u00f6y\u00fck qay\u0131d\u0131\u015f prosesin\u0259 ba\u015fla\u00adn\u0131ld\u0131. Qondarma \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131q Qara\u00adba\u011f m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259si\u201d tarixin arxivin\u0259 g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fc Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin varisi elan ed\u0259n m\u00fcasir Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 n\u0259hay\u0259t ki, \u0259razi b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc b\u0259rpa ed\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6z q\u00fcdr\u0259tini n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirdi.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin irsinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si tarixd\u0259n ibr\u0259t g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131n\u00addan h\u0259r zaman aktuald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nazim MUSTAFA,<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru,<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Prezident Kitabxanas\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6b\u0259 m\u00fcdiri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/xalqqazeti.com\/az\/news\/77123<\/a><\/p>\n

\t
\t\t \t\t\"\"<\/a> \t\t  <\/span> \t\tM\u0259qal\u0259ni PDF format\u0131na \u00e7evir<\/span> \t\t  <\/span> \t\t \t\t \t<\/form> <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6t\u0259n \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015e\u0259rqind\u0259 ilk parlamentli respublikan\u0131n \u2013Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin qurulmas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tariximizin yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131 qoyuldu. M\u00fcst\u0259qillik arzusu il\u0259 ya\u015fayan Az\u0259rbaycan ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 tarixi \u015f\u0259raitin verdiyi f\u00fcrs\u0259td\u0259n m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 yararland\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00fcnki 1917-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda Rusiyada ba\u015f ver\u0259n inqilab n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259nqa\u00e7ma meyill\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259nmi\u015f, Rusiya D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dumas\u0131na se\u00e7ilmi\u015f C\u0259nubi Qafqazdan olan deputatlar \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 X\u00fcsusi Komit\u0259, noyabr […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":502,"featured_media":1059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/502"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1129"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1130,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129\/revisions\/1130"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}