H\u0259r bir xalq\u0131n tarixind\u0259 h\u0259m faci\u0259li m\u0259qamlar, h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259ri olur. \u00c7ox nadir hallarda bu iki m\u0259qam \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 1990-c\u0131 ilin Qanl\u0131 Yanvar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259m faci\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q s\u0259hif\u0259si kimi ya\u015fad\u0131. O m\u00fcdhi\u015f gec\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 s\u0131na\u011fa \u00e7\u0259kildi. H\u0259m xalq\u0131n \u00f6z i\u00e7ind\u0259 yeti\u015fdirdiyi q\u0259hr\u0259manlar \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 ona ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q ed\u0259nl\u0259rin kimliyi b\u0259lli oldu.<\/p>\n
1988-ci ild\u0259 Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011fda ba\u015f qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f erm\u0259ni separatizmin\u0259 Kreml r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n r\u0259vac verilm\u0259si, 1989-cu ild\u0259 SSR\u0130 Ali Sovetinin q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 DQMV-d\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f X\u00fcsusi \u0130dar\u0259 Komit\u0259sinin Az\u0259rbaycana qar\u015f\u0131 q\u0259r\u0259zli m\u00f6vqeyi say\u0259sind\u0259 muxtar vilay\u0259tin idar\u0259-m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259dric\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n tabe\u00e7iliyind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131, az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n Erm\u0259nistandak\u0131 tarixi-etnik torpaqlar\u0131ndan tamamil\u0259 deportasiya edilm\u0259si, Moskvan\u0131n erm\u0259ni separat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 c\u0259zaland\u0131rmaq \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u0259l-qolunu ba\u011flamas\u0131 mill\u0259tin s\u0259bir kasas\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 1989-cu ilin sonlar\u0131nda b\u0259zi rayonlarda Xalq C\u0259bh\u0259sinin hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259si, Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n \u0130ranla s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259ki tikanl\u0131 m\u0259ftill\u0259rin s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcb at\u0131lmas\u0131, Xalq H\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n radikal qanad\u0131n\u0131n Milli M\u00fcdafi\u0259 \u015euras\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259r\u0259k n\u0259zar\u0259ti \u00f6z \u0259lin\u0259 almas\u0131, 1990-c\u0131 il \u0443\u0430nvar\u0131n 13-15-d\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi Komit\u0259sinin Sumqay\u0131t ssenarisi \u0259sas\u0131nda “erm\u0259ni talanlar\u0131” t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259si Moskvan\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131 c\u0259zaland\u0131rmaq f\u00fcrs\u0259ti vermi\u015fdi. N\u0259hay\u0259t, 1990-c\u0131 ilin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 Kreml Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f\u0131n Erm\u0259nistana birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 qa\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xan Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131 c\u0259zaland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Qanl\u0131 Yanvar q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259tdi.<\/p>\n
1989-cu ilin yay\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n Moskvan\u0131n Bak\u0131ya \u0259lav\u0259 qo\u015fun hiss\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan KP MK-n\u0131n birinci katibi \u018fb\u00fcrr\u0259hman V\u0259zirovun, Nazirl\u0259r sovetini s\u0259dri Ayaz M\u00fct\u0259llibovun, Az\u0259rbaycan KP MK-n\u0131n ikinci katibi Viktor Polyani\u00e7konun, Az\u0259rbaycan SSR daxili i\u015fl\u0259r nazirinin birinci m\u00fcavini Viktor \u0412\u0430rannikovun imzas\u0131 il\u0259 SSR\u0130 h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 \u015fifr\u0259li telefonoqramlar g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015fdi. \u0130stintaq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015fdir ki, 1990-c\u0131 il yanvar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda SSR\u0130 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 v\u0259 daxili i\u015fl\u0259r nazirlikl\u0259rinin, habel\u0259 ba\u015fqa x\u00fcsusi t\u0259yinatl\u0131 h\u0259rbi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin 66 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox \u0259sg\u0259r v\u0259 zabiti Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259r\u0259k, Qala v\u0259 Nasoslu aerodromlar\u0131nda, Respublika stadionunda, Salyan kazarmas\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycana g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n ordu hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 Stavropoldan, Rostovdan, Krasnodardan s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r edilmi\u015f erm\u0259ni zabit v\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri, h\u0259rbi m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hsil alan erm\u0259ni kursantlar\u0131 da c\u0259lb edilmi\u015fdi. Respublikaya g\u0259tirilmi\u015f h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin, \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bak\u0131ya g\u0259l\u0259n 300-d\u0259n art\u0131q y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li zabit v\u0259 generallar\u0131n \u0259rzaq t\u0259minat\u0131, n\u0259qliyyatla, yanacaqla t\u0259min edilm\u0259si respublika b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259n \u00f6d\u0259nilirdi.<\/p>\n
15 yanvar 1990-c\u0131 ild\u0259 SSR\u0130 Ali Sovetinin s\u0259dri M.Qorba\u00e7ov DQMV-d\u0259 v\u0259 b\u0259zi ba\u015fqa rayonlarda f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda f\u0259rman imzalam\u0131\u015f, h\u0259min f\u0259rman\u0131n 7-ci b\u0259ndind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan SSR Ali Sovetinin R\u0259yas\u0259t Hey\u0259tin\u0259 Bak\u0131 v\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qada\u011fan saat\u0131 t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si d\u0259 daxil olmaqla h\u0259r c\u00fcr laz\u0131mi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259k t\u0259klif edilmi\u015fdi. Lakin buna baxmayaraq, SSR\u0130 Ali Sovetinin R\u0259yas\u0259t Hey\u0259ti yuxar\u0131da qeyd olunan f\u0259rman\u0131n ziddin\u0259 olaraq 1990-c\u0131 il yanvar\u0131n 19-da Az\u0259rbaycan SSR Ali Sovetinin h\u00fcquqi q\u00fcvv\u0259si olmayan 15 yanvar tarixli saxta q\u0259rar\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n yanvar\u0131n 20-d\u0259 saat 00-dan etibar\u0259n “Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda” f\u0259rman q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir ki, bu f\u0259rman\u0131 imzalamaqla ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130-nin r\u0259hb\u0259ri M.Qorba\u00e7ov \u0130ttifaq Konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n 119-cu, Az\u0259rbaycan SSR Konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n 71-ci madd\u0259l\u0259rini kobud \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 pozmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
Yanvar\u0131n 19-da SSR\u0130 DTK-n\u0131n “Alfa” qrupu v\u0259 respublika DTK-s\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil edil\u0259n \u0259m\u0259liyyat n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 respublika televiziyas\u0131n\u0131n enerji bloku partlad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, Bak\u0131da f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan edilm\u0259si v\u0259 qo\u015funun \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 girm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 \u0259haliy\u0259 r\u0259smi m\u0259lumat \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n. Halbuki, h\u0259min vaxt 26 yerd\u0259 piketl\u0259r, barrikadalar qurulmu\u015f, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259ki 60 qo\u015fun hiss\u0259sind\u0259n 34-n\u00fcn, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Salyan kazarmas\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolu k\u0259silmi\u015fdi. Xalq C\u0259bh\u0259sinin b\u0259zi liderl\u0259ri \u0259haliy\u0259 da\u011f\u0131lma\u011f\u0131, b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259yi m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin yanvar\u0131n 20-d\u0259 saat 00-da t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, qo\u015fun hiss\u0259l\u0259ri yanvar\u0131n 19-da saat 21-d\u0259n etibar\u0259n birinci olaraq T\u00fcrkan-Qala t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 yeridildi. “Bak\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131”na r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi birba\u015fa SSR\u0130 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 naziri Dimitri Yazov, SSR\u0130 daxili i\u015fl\u0259r naziri Vadim Bakatin, SSR\u0130 DTK s\u0259drinin m\u00fcavini Filip Babkov h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Bak\u0131 qarnizonunun qo\u015funlar\u0131, g\u0259tiril\u0259n h\u0259rbi hiss\u0259l\u0259r, h\u0259rbi g\u0259mil\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan desant qruplar\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7di. A\u011f\u0131r h\u0259rbi texnika \u00e7ox asanl\u0131qla barrikadalar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131td\u0131. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 yaralanm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnahs\u0131z adamlar\u0131n \u2013 qocalar\u0131n, qad\u0131nlar\u0131n, u\u015faqlar\u0131n qan\u0131na q\u0259rq olmu\u015fdu. H\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xanlar\u0131, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f evl\u0259rini, t\u0259cili yard\u0131m ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 at\u0259\u015f\u0259 tutur, yaral\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr, meyitl\u0259ri yand\u0131r\u0131r, t\u0259hqir edir, eyb\u0259c\u0259r hala sal\u0131rd\u0131lar. Adamlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r h\u0259rbi texnikan\u0131n t\u0131rt\u0131llar\u0131 alt\u0131na sal\u0131r, \u0259zabla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Bak\u0131ya yeridil\u0259n qo\u015fun kontingenti qapal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Onlarla \u0259hali il\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259td\u0259 olma\u011fa imkan verilmirdi ki, xalq\u0131n \u0259liyal\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259rdar olsunlar. Bak\u0131ya yeridil\u0259n \u0259sg\u0259r v\u0259 zabitl\u0259r\u0259 demi\u015fdil\u0259r ki, \u201cislam fundamentalistl\u0259ri\u201d, \u201cpant\u00fcrkistl\u0259r\u201d Az\u0259rbaycanda sovet hakimiyy\u0259tini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7iribl\u0259r, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar\u0131 m\u0259hv etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. M\u0259hz az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 nifr\u0259t hissi il\u0259 k\u00f6kl\u0259n\u0259n, spirtli i\u00e7kil\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131laraq, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259n \u0259sg\u0259r v\u0259 zabitl\u0259r qad\u0131na, qocaya, k\u00f6rp\u0259y\u0259, h\u0259tta t\u0259cili yard\u0131m ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259kiml\u0259r\u0259 f\u0259rq qoymadan at\u0259\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, onlar\u0131 v\u0259h\u015fic\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Tanklar v\u0259 BTR-l\u0259r i\u00e7i insanlarla dolu minik ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259zib ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. X\u0259st\u0259xanalar\u0131n i\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259smi\u015fdil\u0259r ki, yaral\u0131lara tibbi yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin t\u0259tbiqi \u0259haliy\u0259 elan olunanad\u0259k h\u0259rbi qulluq\u00e7ular 82 n\u0259f\u0259ri amans\u0131zcas\u0131na q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirmi\u015f, 20 n\u0259f\u0259ri \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl yaralam\u0131\u015flar. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunmu\u015fdur ki, “M\u00fclki v\u0259 siyasi h\u00fcquqlar haqq\u0131nda” 1966-c\u0131 il Beyn\u0259lxalq Akt\u0131n birinci b\u0259ndin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, f\u0259rman imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin t\u0259tbiqi v\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259tl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin \u0259halisin\u0259 r\u0259smi x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q edilm\u0259li idi. Lakin buna q\u0259sd\u0259n \u0259m\u0259l olunmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. K\u00fctl\u0259vi insan q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dildikd\u0259n sonra \u2013 y\u0259ni 20 yanvar 1990-c\u0131 il s\u0259h\u0259r saat 5.30-da radio vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r komendant\u0131 V.Dubinyak f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t t\u0259tbiq edildiyi bar\u0259d\u0259 r\u0259smi m\u0259lumat\u0131 efir\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. Halbuki, yanvar\u0131n 20-d\u0259 saat 00-dan ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlarda tanklardan, v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259yinatl\u0131 zirehli d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015f, X\u0259z\u0259r h\u0259rbi donanmas\u0131na m\u0259xsus g\u0259mil\u0259rd\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 desant \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f bu t\u0259cav\u00fcz akt\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259-m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 qar\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n t\u0259xribatlar t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan edildikd\u0259n sonra da, yanvar\u0131n 20-d\u0259 v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 daha 57 n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin elan olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rayonlarda \u2013 yanvar\u0131n 25-d\u0259 Neft\u00e7alada 2 n\u0259f\u0259r v\u0259 yanvar\u0131n 26-da L\u0259nk\u0259randa 6 n\u0259f\u0259r q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Bel\u0259likl\u0259, qo\u015funlar\u0131n qanunsuz yeridilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Bak\u0131da v\u0259 respublikan\u0131n rayonlar\u0131nda 147 n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, 744 n\u0259f\u0259r yaralanm\u0131\u015f, 841 n\u0259f\u0259r qanunsuz h\u0259bs olunmu\u015f, onlardan 112 n\u0259f\u0259ri SSR\u0130-nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 apar\u0131laraq h\u0259bsxanalarda saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259rbi qulluq\u00e7ular t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 200 ev v\u0259 m\u0259nzil, 80 avtoma\u015f\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259cili yard\u0131m ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rin t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyi yan\u011f\u0131nlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 k\u00fclli miqdarda d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0259mlak\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi \u0259mlak m\u0259hv edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6vl\u0259t, ictimai v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi \u0259mlaka h\u0259min d\u00f6vr\u00fcn qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 5.637.286 rubl miqdar\u0131nda maddi ziyan vurulmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n
Faci\u0259nin miqyas\u0131 o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Rusiyada f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n \u201c\u015eit” ictimai t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n ekspertl\u0259rinin hesabat\u0131nda daha d\u0259qiqlikl\u0259 ifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdi:<\/p>\n
– adamlar\u0131 x\u00fcsusi q\u0259ddarl\u0131qla v\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259n g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259mi\u015fl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, R.R\u00fcst\u0259mova 23, Y.Meyerovi\u00e7\u0259 21, D.Xanm\u0259mm\u0259dova 10-dan \u00e7ox g\u00fcll\u0259 vurulmu\u015fdur; <\/em><\/p>\n – x\u0259st\u0259xanalar, “t\u0259cili yard\u0131m” ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 at\u0259\u015f\u0259 tutulmu\u015f, h\u0259kiml\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr; <\/em><\/p>\n – i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 s\u0259rni\u015finl\u0259r, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n u\u015faqlar olan 39 n\u00f6mr\u0259li “\u0130karus” markal\u0131 mar\u015frut avtobusu g\u00fcll\u0259y\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur; <\/em><\/p>\n – adamlar s\u00fcng\u00fc-b\u0131\u00e7aqla q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilmi\u015fl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda h\u0259r iki g\u00f6z\u00fc tutulmu\u015f B.Yefimtsev d\u0259 var; <\/em><\/p>\n – “Kala\u015fnikov” avtomat\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131q m\u0259rk\u0259zini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n 5,45 mm \u00e7apl\u0131 g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. <\/em><\/p>\n H\u0259lak olanlar aras\u0131nda yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar, qad\u0131nlar, qocalar, \u015fik\u0259stl\u0259r d\u0259 var idi.<\/p>\n Qabaqcadan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcb haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bu t\u0259cav\u00fczkarl\u0131q aksiyas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n demokratiya v\u0259 milli azadl\u0131q u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259sini bo\u011fmaq, xalq\u0131 t\u0259hqir ed\u0259r\u0259k ona m\u0259n\u0259vi z\u0259rb\u0259 vurmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di da\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar n\u0259inki Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc qorxutdu, \u0259ksin\u0259 onun Sovet imperiyas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 nifr\u0259tini qat-qat art\u0131rd\u0131. Xalq avtomat s\u00fcng\u00fcl\u0259rinin, tank l\u00fcl\u0259l\u0259rinin ona tu\u015flanmas\u0131ndan qorxmay\u0131b \u00f6z \u015f\u0259hidl\u0259rini k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 v\u0259 meydanlardan toplad\u0131. Topun-t\u00fcf\u0259ngin h\u0259r k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259d\u0259, h\u0259r tind\u0259 qoyulmas\u0131na, f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t rejimin\u0259 baxmayaraq yanvar\u0131n 22-d\u0259 xalq \u00f6z \u015f\u0259hidl\u0259rini “Azadl\u0131q” meydan\u0131ndan son m\u0259nzil\u0259 \u2013 \u015e\u0259hidl\u0259r xiyaban\u0131na yola sald\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n he\u00e7 bir \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 \u015f\u0259hidl\u0259rimizin d\u0259fn m\u0259rasimind\u0259ki kimi izdihama t\u0259sad\u00fcf edilm\u0259yib. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 40 g\u00fcn mat\u0259m saxlad\u0131. Xalq acl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6zd\u00fc, lakin etiraz \u0259lam\u0259ti olaraq 40 g\u00fcn t\u0259til etdi.<\/p>\n Xalqa qar\u015f\u0131 sovet ordusunun qanl\u0131 cinay\u0259tl\u0259ri is\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 bitm\u0259k bilmirdi. Qanl\u0131 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131na etiraz\u0131n\u0131 bildirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bak\u0131 buxtas\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015f “X\u0259z\u0259rneftdonanmas\u0131”n\u0131n g\u0259mil\u0259ri h\u0259rbi g\u0259mil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 al\u0131naraq g\u00fcll\u0259boran edilmi\u015f, onlarla d\u0259niz\u00e7i h\u0259bs olunmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n \u00abSabit Orucov\u00bb g\u0259misi \u00abSOS!\u00bb siqnal\u0131 il\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya faci\u0259 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat vermi\u015fdi. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259nizd\u0259n h\u00fccumun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan d\u0259niz\u00e7il\u0259ri h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131 risk\u0259 qoyaraq b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0259mil\u0259ri Bak\u0131 buxtas\u0131na y\u0131\u011fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Yanvar\u0131n 21-d\u0259 saat 20.30 d\u0259qiq\u0259d\u0259 iki h\u0259rbi g\u0259minin v\u0259 iki katerin m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259ti il\u0259 nam\u0259lum y\u00fck apar\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat alan d\u0259niz\u00e7il\u0259r silahl\u0131 quldurlarla \u0259liyal\u0131n qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259r m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 giri\u015fmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Sovet h\u0259rbi g\u0259mil\u0259rind\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131lan at\u0259\u015f n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00abNeftqaz-18\u00bb, \u00abNeftqaz-64\u00bb, \u00abAktau\u00bb, \u00ab\u015eirvan-2\u00bb , \u00ab\u00c7eleken-1\u00bb, \u00abAtlet-21\u00bb , \u00abVodoley-4\u00bb g\u0259mil\u0259ri ciddi sur\u0259td\u0259 z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdi. Qanl\u0131 Yanvardan sonra ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259vi repressiyalara q\u0259hr\u0259man d\u0259niz\u00e7il\u0259r d\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n 20 Yanvar q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan sonra xalq vahim\u0259 i\u00e7ind\u0259 idi. O, qan\u0131na b\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f, al\u00e7ald\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, t\u0259hqir olunmu\u015fdu. Yanvar\u0131n 21-d\u0259 f\u0259rdi t\u0259qa\u00fcdd\u0259 olan Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyev Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Moskvadak\u0131 daimi n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259liyin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k burada t\u0259\u015fkil olunmu\u015f izdihaml\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaqda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etdi. Bu a\u011f\u0131r g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 xalqla h\u0259mr\u0259y oldu\u011funu bildirdi. \u018fliyal\u0131n xalq\u0131n q\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fcquqa, demokratiyaya, humanizm\u0259 zidd, Moskvan\u0131n v\u0259 respublika r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin g\u00fcnah\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n yol verilmi\u015f kobud siyasi s\u0259hv kimi if\u015fa etdi.<\/p>\n Xalq\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bi v\u0259 bir qrup deputat\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 1990-c\u0131 il yanvar\u0131n 22-d\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lan Az\u0259rbaycan SSR Ali Sovetinin f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 sessiyas\u0131nda respublikan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r siyasi v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri i\u015ftirak etm\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r. Sessiyaya respublika r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin g\u0259lm\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri onlar\u0131n xalq\u0131n taleyin\u0259 bigan\u0259 qald\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131, t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f cinay\u0259td\u0259 bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak etdikl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 sessiya Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f faci\u0259li hadis\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259hqiqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deputat-istintaq komissiyas\u0131 yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir. Lakin bu komissiya hadis\u0259y\u0259 h\u00fcquqi-siyasi qiym\u0259t verm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259r v\u0259 yaralananlar, d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 ictimai t\u0259\u015fkilatlara, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flara vurulan ziyan haqq\u0131nda informasiya xarakterli m\u0259lumatlar toplamaqla i\u015fini bitirmi\u015fdi. Bu komissiya \u00f6z r\u0259yini faci\u0259nin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sind\u0259 iki il sonra \u2013 1992-ci ild\u0259 SSR\u0130 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti s\u00fcqut etdikd\u0259n sonra Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Ali Sovetinin Milli \u015euras\u0131na t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdi. Milli \u015eura is\u0259 20 Yanvar faci\u0259sin\u0259 h\u00fcquqi-siyasi qiym\u0259t verm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, deputat-istintaq komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259yini q\u0259na\u0259tb\u0259x\u015f hesab edib, onu t\u0259sdiq etm\u0259kl\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n 1990-c\u0131 il yanvar\u0131n 24-d\u0259n 25-n\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n gec\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan KP MK-n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilati m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f plenumu ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. Plenumda g\u00fcnd\u0259liy\u0259 respublikada siyasi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin t\u0259tbiqinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini t\u0259hqiq etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn komissiya yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin respublika kommunistl\u0259rinin ali orqan\u0131 faci\u0259y\u0259 siyasi qiym\u0259t verm\u0259mi\u015f, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, he\u00e7 bir b\u0259yanatla \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n SSR\u0130 Ba\u015f Prokurorlu\u011funun \u0259dliyy\u0259 polkovniki V.Medvedyevin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi istintaq qrupu cinay\u0259t hadis\u0259l\u0259rinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ox s\u0259thi aparm\u0131\u015f, istintaq h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 cinay\u0259t t\u0259rkibi olmamas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. 20 iyul 1990-c\u0131 il tarixd\u0259 cinay\u0259t i\u015finin xitam olunmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul olunmu\u015f, cinay\u0259t i\u015finin materiallar\u0131 Moskvaya apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, h\u0259min vaxt Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prokurorlu\u011fu t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f cinay\u0259t hadis\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 he\u00e7 bir cinay\u0259t i\u015fi ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n Zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 bir s\u0131ra h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259r meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r, 20 Yanvar faci\u0259sinin qaranl\u0131q m\u0259qamlar\u0131 ayd\u0131n olur. 100 cildlik istintaq materiallar\u0131n\u0131n 68 cildi Bak\u0131dan Moskvaya, ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130 Prokurorlu\u011funa apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 indiy\u0259d\u0259k qaytar\u0131lmay\u0131b. Bir s\u0131ra s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130-nin y\u00fcks\u0259k instansiyalar\u0131nda, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 haz\u0131rda Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131 Prokurorlu\u011funda saxlan\u0131lan 68 cildlik cinay\u0259t i\u015finin materiallar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si 20 Yanvar faci\u0259sinin miqyas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 baiskarlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259suliyy\u0259t d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sini tam d\u0259qiqlikl\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n Qanl\u0131 Yanvar q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 rus \u015fovinistl\u0259rinin erm\u0259nil\u0259rl\u0259 il\u0259 birg\u0259 apard\u0131qlar\u0131 antiAz\u0259rbaycan siyas\u0259tinin, t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si idi. Lakin imperiya c\u0259lladlar\u0131 qanl\u0131 \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259ri il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n irad\u0259sini q\u0131ra bilm\u0259dil\u0259r. Qanl\u0131 Yanvar milli azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n daha da y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yenid\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 qovu\u015fmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131.<\/p>\n 20 Yanvar faci\u0259sin\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 tam siyasi-h\u00fcquqi qiym\u0259t verilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si \u00fcmummilli lider Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin say\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259llini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun t\u00f6vsiy\u0259si il\u0259 1994-c\u00fc ilin fevral ay\u0131nda Milli M\u0259clisin x\u00fcsusi sessiyas\u0131 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. Sessiya 1990-c\u0131 il yanvar\u0131n 20-d\u0259 Sovet Silahl\u0131 Q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 respublikan\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 rayonuna yeridilm\u0259sini, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 haqq v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tin m\u00fcdafi\u0259si namin\u0259 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f silahs\u0131z adamlar\u0131n q\u0259ddarcas\u0131na q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilm\u0259sini Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 totalitar kommunist rejimi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259rbi t\u0259cav\u00fcz v\u0259 cinay\u0259t kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fdir. Xalq h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131 bo\u011fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 20 Yanvar faci\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015f Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131 Kommunist Partiyas\u0131, Sovet d\u00f6vl\u0259ti v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n Mixail Qorba\u00e7ovun Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyi qeyd olunmu\u015fdur. Eyni zamanda, xalqa qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n h\u0259rbi t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin o d\u00f6vrd\u0259ki respublika r\u0259hb\u0259rliyinin (\u018fbd\u00fcrr\u0259hman V\u0259zirov, Ayaz M\u00fct\u0259llibov, Viktor Polyani\u00e7ko, Vaqif H\u00fcseynov) \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fc, onlar\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na x\u0259yan\u0259t etdikl\u0259ri qeyd olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n \u00ab20 Yanvar \u015e\u0259hidi\u00bb f\u0259xri ad\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sis edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti 31 mart 1998-ci il tarixd\u0259 f\u0259rman imzalam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 29 dekabr 1998-ci ild\u0259 \u00ab20 Yanvar \u015f\u0259hidi\u00bb f\u0259xri adi haqq\u0131nda \u018fsasnam\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir. 1990-c\u0131 il yanvar\u0131n 20-d\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130 silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rinin Bak\u0131ya v\u0259 respublikan\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 rayonuna h\u0259rbi t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fc zaman\u0131 h\u0259lak olmu\u015f 147 n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 indiy\u0259d\u0259k “20 Yanvar \u015f\u0259hidi” f\u0259xri ad\u0131 verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n 20 Yanvar hadis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u015f\u0259hid olanlar\u0131n, itkin d\u00fc\u015f\u0259nl\u0259rin ail\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259lil olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259r il bird\u0259f\u0259lik d\u00f6vl\u0259t yard\u0131mlar\u0131 edilir.<\/p>\n 1990-c\u0131 ilin Qanl\u0131 Yanvar hadis\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259kc\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck faci\u0259 deyildir. O, l\u0259yaq\u0259tini qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r c\u00fcr qurban verm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131r olan xalq\u0131n tarixind\u0259 \u015f\u0259r\u0259fli bir s\u0259hif\u0259dir.<\/p>\n 20 Yanvar faci\u0259si, eyni zamanda h\u0259m \u00fcmumxalq faci\u0259si, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qillik, istiqlal v\u0259 h\u00fcrriyy\u0259t u\u011frunda xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 milli azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n zirv\u0259si kimi Az\u0259rbaycan tarixin\u0259 h\u0259kk olunub. \u00dcmummilli lider Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin s\u00f6yl\u0259diyi kimi, bu t\u0259cav\u00fcz xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259vi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7ox sars\u0131tsa da, itkil\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qoysa da, onun m\u0259nliyini tapdalaya bilm\u0259di, q\u00fcrurunu s\u0131nd\u0131ra bilm\u0259di, q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q salnam\u0259sin\u0259 yeni bir s\u0259hif\u0259 kimi yaz\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Tariximizin bu s\u0259hif\u0259si imperiya g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rinin s\u0259sind\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131lsa da, \u015f\u0259hidl\u0259rimizin qan\u0131 il\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131. H\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259b\u0259di olaraq!<\/p>\n Nazim Mustafa, <\/strong><\/p>\n AMEA Tarix \u0130nstitutunun elmi i\u015f\u00e7isi <\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cXalq q\u0259zeti\u201d<\/strong>. <\/strong>– 2010. \u2013 16-17 yanvar. -\u2116 11,12.<\/p>\n