\u0130r\u0259van tarixi, erm\u0259ni h\u0259yas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 \u201cLenta.ru\u201dnun \u0259sass\u0131z yalan\u0131<\/p>\n
\u201cLenta.ru\u201d internet sayt\u0131 avqustun 3-d\u0259 \u00f6z oxucular\u0131na \u201cKe\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin paytaxtlar\u0131\u201d rubrikas\u0131ndan n\u00f6vb\u0259ti bir material\u0131 t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir. Erm\u0259nistan paytaxt\u0131 \u0130r\u0259van haqq\u0131nda q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131nan \u201cUrartu s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259tinin \u00fcr\u0259yind\u0259\u201d adl\u0131 bu yaz\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn h\u0259qiqi m\u0259nas\u0131nda n\u00f6vb\u0259ti bir erm\u0259ni h\u0259yas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, rusiyal\u0131 h\u0259mkarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bil\u0259r\u0259kd\u0259n v\u0259 ya m\u0259lumats\u0131zl\u0131qdan yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f yalandan ibar\u0259tdir. Material m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259ri iyirmi birinci \u0259srin ikinci onilliyind\u0259, Afrikan\u0131n \u0259n gerid\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin bel\u0259 az da olsa dir\u00e7\u0259ldiyi d\u00f6vrd\u0259 tamamil\u0259 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131b ged\u0259n \u0130r\u0259vandan oxucu qaba\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lacaq bir \u015f\u0259kil ver\u0259 bilm\u0259dikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 paytaxt\u0131ndan s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131b T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisini \u2013 A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. Bu saxtakarl\u0131q kimi yaz\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259tni d\u0259 m\u0259hz erm\u0259nic\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Y\u0259ni \u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n ist\u0259nil\u0259n m\u0259qamda tarixi saxtala\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa, \u00f6z iyr\u0259nc c\u0259f\u0259ngiyyatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnya oxucusuna h\u0259qiq\u0259t kimi s\u0131r\u0131ma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. H\u0259min saxtakarl\u0131qlar\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elm ocaqlar\u0131m\u0131z v\u0259 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 ortaya \u0259sasl\u0131 tarixi faktlar qoyub, erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 tutarl\u0131 cavab veribl\u0259r. Ancaq fikrimizc\u0259 h\u0259min q\u0259bild\u0259n olan \u0259n tutarl\u0131 cavab t\u0259xmin\u0259n iki ay \u00f6nc\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 ictimaiyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259qdim olunmu\u015f bir elektron resursdur. Vicdan\u0131 olan ist\u0259nil\u0259n erm\u0259ni h\u0259min sayta n\u0259z\u0259r salandan sonra h\u0259qiq\u0259ti s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 dili g\u0259lm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, he\u00e7 olmazsa, yalan yazmaqdan usanmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6hb\u0259t Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Prezidentinin \u0130\u015fl\u0259r \u0130dar\u0259sinin Prezident Kitabxanas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259yib haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri\u201d elektron resursundan gedir. Kitabxanan\u0131n direktoru May\u0131l \u018fhm\u0259dovun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan layih\u0259nin elmi m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t\u00e7isi AMEA-n\u0131n m\u00fcxbir \u00fczv\u00fc, A. A. Bak\u0131xanov ad\u0131na Tarix \u0130nstitutunun direktoru Yaqub Mahmudov, elmi i\u015fin m\u00fc\u0259llifi is\u0259 Tarix \u0130nistitunun elmi \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131, D\u00f6vl\u0259t M\u00fckafat\u0131 lauerat\u0131 Nazim Mustafad\u0131r. \u201c\u0130ravan.info\u201dadl\u0131 bu elektron resurs \u201cM\u00fcq\u0259ddim\u0259\u201d, \u201cTarixi aray\u0131\u015f\u201d, \u201c\u015e\u0259h\u0259rin tarixi\u201d, \u201c\u015e\u0259h\u0259rin \u0259halisi\u201d, \u201c\u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc\u201d, \u201cRusiya i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc\u201d, \u201c\u0130r\u0259van\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259nl\u0259r\u201d, \u201cEtnik t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259\u201d, \u201cElm, t\u0259hsil, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u201d, \u201cMemarl\u0131q v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t\u201d, \u201c\u018fd\u0259biyyat\u201d, \u201cS\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u201d, \u201cTan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ir\u0259vanl\u0131 ziyal\u0131lar\u201d v\u0259 ba\u015fqa b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Burada q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n olan \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r, arxiv s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l t\u0259dqiqatlar \u0259sas\u0131nda i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cLenta.ru\u201dda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f n\u00f6vb\u0259ti erm\u0259ni h\u0259yas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na cavab olaraq h\u0259min resursun m\u00fc\u0259llifinin bir yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 h\u00f6rm\u0259tli oxuculara t\u0259qdim edirik.<\/p>\n
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H\u0259r bir az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259dim Bak\u0131, G\u0259nc\u0259, B\u0259rd\u0259, \u015e\u0259ki, D\u0259rb\u0259nd, Nax\u00e7\u0131van, T\u0259briz, \u018frd\u0259bil \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259zizdirs\u0259, \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri d\u0259 bir o q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259ziz v\u0259 do\u011fmad\u0131r. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u0259razi Urartu, Sasani, \u018fr\u0259b xilaf\u0259ti, Sacil\u0259r, \u015e\u0259ddadil\u0259r, S\u0259lcuqil\u0259r, Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r, \u0130lxanil\u0259r, Teymuril\u0259r, Qaraqoyunlu, A\u011fqoyunlu, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r, \u018ff\u015farlar, Qacarlar, \u00e7ar Rusiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olmu\u015fdur. Yaln\u0131z 1918-ci ild\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqazda ilk erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yarand\u0131qdan sonra \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri 40\u00b008 d\u0259qiq\u0259 \u015fimal en dair\u0259si v\u0259 44\u00b010 d\u0259qiq\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq uzunlu\u011funda, A\u011fr\u0131 vadisinin \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rq hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. D\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n t\u0259qrib\u0259n 900-1000 metr y\u00fcks\u0259klikd\u0259 sal\u0131nan \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri h\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n ba\u011flarla \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Q\u0259dimd\u0259n yaln\u0131z Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin m\u0259skun olduqlar\u0131 bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin ad\u0131 orta \u0259sr yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 R\u0259van, \u0130r\u0259van, \u0130rivan kimi qeyd edilmi\u015fdir. XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 rus qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin ad\u0131 Erivan (Grivan\u011f) kimi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, daha sonralar, XX \u0259srd\u0259 tarixd\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin paytaxt\u0131na \u00e7evrildikd\u0259n sonra Yerevan adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Erm\u0259ni tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri haz\u0131rda Yerevan adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin ad\u0131n\u0131n Urartu \u00e7ar\u0131 I Argi\u015ftinin d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 (e. \u0259. 782-ci ild\u0259) sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Erebuni (\u0130rpuni) qalas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011flama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Erebuni qalas\u0131 yaln\u0131z h\u0259rbi-istehkam m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 in\u015fa edilmi\u015f v\u0259 onun \u0259traf\u0131nda he\u00e7 vaxt \u015f\u0259h\u0259r infrastrukturu formala\u015fmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Urartulular\u0131n erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 he\u00e7 bir aidiyy\u0259ti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi, q\u0259dim Erebuni qalas\u0131n\u0131n da indiki \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri il\u0259 n\u0259 m\u0259kan, n\u0259 d\u0259 tarixi bax\u0131mdan \u0259laq\u0259si olmu\u015fdur. Q\u0259dim ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259si olan, orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r kimi formala\u015fan \u0130r\u0259van ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259si il\u0259, 1950-ci ild\u0259 arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar zaman\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan Erebunu qalas\u0131 aras\u0131nda xeyli m\u0259saf\u0259 olmu\u015fdur. Yaln\u0131z XX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan Erebuni qalas\u0131n\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi Qanl\u0131 t\u0259p\u0259ni d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259traf\u0131 \u0259raziy\u0259 daxil etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Urartulular d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid tap\u0131lan mixi yaz\u0131lardan ayd\u0131n olmu\u015fdur ki, e.\u0259. VIII \u0259srin birinci r\u00fcb\u00fcnd\u0259 A\u011fr\u0131 vadisi (Araz \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sol sahili v\u0259 Arpa\u00e7ay\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 axar\u0131) urartulular t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal edil\u0259n\u0259d\u0259k h\u0259min \u0259razi Aza xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259si adlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri v\u0259 onun \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131 hidroniml\u0259rin (\u00e7ay, g\u00f6l, bulaq v\u0259 s.), oroniml\u0259rin (da\u011f, d\u0259r\u0259, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131m, d\u00fcz\u0259nlik v\u0259 s.), oykoniml\u0259rin (ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r, m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 s.) m\u00fctl\u0259q \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkc\u0259sind\u0259 olmas\u0131 bir daha onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, bu \u0259razi az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n q\u0259dim ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259n olmu\u015fdur. \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u0259razisind\u0259 apar\u0131lan qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar zaman\u0131 a\u015fkara \u00e7\u0131xan maddi-m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 indiy\u0259d\u0259k erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259xsus h\u0259r hans\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259y\u0259 rast g\u0259linm\u0259mi\u015fdir. Urartulular\u0131n s\u00fcqutundan \u0259r\u0259b xilaf\u0259tinin b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131nad\u0259k ke\u00e7\u0259n t\u0259qrib\u0259n 1200 il \u0259rzind\u0259 he\u00e7 bir m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259 bu ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sinin ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilmir. Bunlar\u0131 b\u0259zi obyektiv erm\u0259ni tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri d\u0259 etiraf edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Ticar\u0259t yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r kimi orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 formala\u015fan, yaln\u0131z Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu qala-\u015f\u0259h\u0259r, eyni zamanda, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n z\u0259ngin m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olmu\u015fdur. \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri bir m\u0259rk\u0259z kimi, \u00c7uxur-S\u0259\u0259d b\u0259yl\u0259rb\u0259yliyi v\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Z\u0259ngi (indi Hrazdan adland\u0131r\u0131blar) v\u0259 Ged\u0259r \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fimal-q\u0259rb v\u0259 \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rq t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n da\u011flarla v\u0259 t\u0259p\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259, c\u0259nub v\u0259 c\u0259nub-q\u0259rb t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 \u0259kin\u0259 yararl\u0131 vadi il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015fdu. \u0130r\u0259van qalas\u0131 Z\u0259ngi \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sol sahilind\u0259ki s\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 t\u0259p\u0259nin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Co\u011frafi bax\u0131mdan strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb etdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri daim m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r meydan\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015f, d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259n-\u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0M\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lara m\u0259ruz qalan \u015f\u0259h\u0259r, h\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa edilmi\u015fdir. \u00c7ox m\u0259\u015fhur olan \u0130r\u0259van qalas\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u011flar\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259yyahlar\u0131n diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 olmu\u015f, onlar haqq\u0131nda geni\u015f m\u0259lumatlar verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Quru subtropik iqlim zonas\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, olduqca m\u00fcnbit v\u0259 b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tli torpaqlarla \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. M\u0259\u015fhur \u0130r\u0259van ba\u011flar\u0131 v\u0259 bostanlar\u0131 \u0130r\u0259van xanlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 Z\u0259ngi v\u0259 Ged\u0259r \u00e7aylar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0259kdirdikl\u0259ri kanallarla suvar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Z\u0259ngi \u00e7ay\u0131ndan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259ki v\u0259 \u0259trafdak\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 suvarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 4 kanal – Mamr\u0259, Abuh\u0259yat, D\u0259lm\u0259 v\u0259 T\u0259z\u0259k\u0259nd kanallar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015fdi. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin c\u0259nubundak\u0131 ba\u011flar is\u0259\u00a0 Ged\u0259r (Q\u0131rxbulaq) \u00e7ay\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n kanal v\u0259 arxlarla suvar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130r\u0259van torpaqlar\u0131ndan ild\u0259 2-3 d\u0259f\u0259 m\u0259hsul g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259d\u0259k \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri 4 m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259n – Z\u0259ngi \u00e7ay\u0131, S\u00f6y\u00fcdl\u00fck adlanan \u0259razid\u0259ki \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 bulaqlar, Ged\u0259r (Q\u0131rxbulaq) \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r ba\u011flar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7\u0259n hiss\u0259sind\u0259 tikil\u0259n su anbar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rd\u0259 qaz\u0131lan k\u0259hrizl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 i\u00e7m\u0259li su il\u0259 t\u0259min edilirdi. XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 \u0130r\u0259vandan t\u0259qrib\u0259n 19 kilometr uzaql\u0131qda Ged\u0259r \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nb\u0259yind\u0259n (Q\u0131rxbulaqdan) \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 su k\u0259m\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015fdi. Bu k\u0259m\u0259rin \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin imkanl\u0131 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259sna xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n
Xanl\u0131qlar d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri d\u00f6rd kvartaldan – Qala, \u015e\u0259h\u0259r (\u015e\u0259hri), T\u0259p\u0259ba\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 D\u0259mirbulaq ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f massivl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t olmu\u015fdur. Sayca \u00e7ox az olan erm\u0259nil\u0259r yaln\u0131z \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131 b\u0259zi q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r (\u015e\u0259hri) massivi \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim hiss\u0259si olmu\u015fdur. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin q\u0259rbind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n T\u0259p\u0259ba\u015f\u0131 massivind\u0259 (haz\u0131rda Kond adlan\u0131r) Hindistandan g\u0259lmi\u015f 50-y\u0259 yax\u0131n erm\u0259ni qara\u00e7\u0131 ail\u0259l\u0259ri (bo\u015falar) m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. T\u0259p\u0259ba\u015f\u0131 massivini \u015e\u0259h\u0259r massivind\u0259n \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n adl\u0131-sanl\u0131 adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin c\u0259nubunda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n D\u0259mirbulaq massivind\u0259 (haz\u0131rda Karanki Ta\u011f adlan\u0131r) yaln\u0131z az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130r\u0259van qalas\u0131nda is\u0259 frans\u0131z s\u0259yyahlar\u0131 C.Tavernye v\u0259 C.\u015eardenin qeyd etdikl\u0259ri kimi, yaln\u0131z m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar (y\u0259ni az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar) ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcasir \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259xsus ya\u015f\u0131 200 ild\u0259n art\u0131q birc\u0259 d\u0259n\u0259 d\u0259 olsun tarixi-memarl\u0131q abid\u0259si m\u00f6vcud deyil. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n \u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan sonra t\u0259dric\u0259n \u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcb g\u0259tiril\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar. \u0130r\u0259vandak\u0131 tarixi-memarl\u0131q abid\u0259l\u0259ri \u015e\u0259rq memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcslubunda in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdi. S\u0259yyahlar v\u0259 salnam\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van\u0131 tipik m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri kimi t\u0259svir etmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri karvan yollar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259si\u015fdiyi m\u0259kanda yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn burada \u00e7oxlu karvansaralar v\u0259 ticar\u0259t meydanlar\u0131 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Da\u015fdan h\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ortas\u0131nda kvadrat \u015f\u0259killi meydan\u00e7alar\u0131, su hovuzlar\u0131 olan karvansaralar \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n g\u00f6z\u0259l tikilil\u0259rind\u0259n hesab olunurdu. XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130r\u0259vanda 8 karvansara m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur. Culfa, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Z\u0259rrabi xan (S\u0259rrafxana), Tahir, Sulu, Susuz, Av\u015far, Hac\u0131 \u018fli karvansaralar\u0131nda \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 851 k\u00f6\u015fk m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u0259h\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zi hiss\u0259sind\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Meydan adlanan 400×400 metr \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259 meydan yerl\u0259\u015firdi. A\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Qantar t\u0259r\u0259zisi, y\u00fcng\u00fcl y\u00fckl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Mizan t\u0259r\u0259zisi bu meydanda yerl\u0259\u015firdi. Dig\u0259r meydanlar Xan ba\u011f\u0131, Zal xan, H\u00fcseyn\u0259li xan, F\u0259hl\u0259 bazar\u0131 meydan\u0131 adlan\u0131rd\u0131. P\u0259nah xan Makinskinin imar\u0259tinin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi \u0259razi is\u0259 son vaxtlarad\u0259k P\u0259nah xan meydan\u0131 adlan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130r\u0259vanda \u015e\u0259rq memarl\u0131q \u00fcslubunda 8 hamam – \u015e\u0259h\u0259r, Zal xan, \u015eeyx\u00fclislam, Mehdi b\u0259y, Hac\u0131 B\u0259yim (sonuncu \u0130r\u0259van xan\u0131n\u0131n qarda\u015f\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n xan\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131), T\u0259p\u0259ba\u015f\u0131, Hac\u0131 \u018fli, Hac\u0131 F\u0259t\u0259li, K\u0259rim b\u0259y hamamlar\u0131 m\u00f6vcud idi. Haz\u0131rda \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259ki Respublika meydan\u0131n\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi yerd\u0259 vaxtil\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan Zal xan hamam kompleksind\u0259 yeralt\u0131 \u00e7ayxana il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, mu\u011famat m\u0259clisl\u0259rinin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi otaq ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n
XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131, XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 adlar\u0131 az\u0259rbaycanca s\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259n onlarla k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 m\u00f6vcud idi. Q\u0259dim \u0130r\u0259vanda bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r m\u0259\u015fhur idi: \u015e\u0259ri\u0259t, Karvansara, Qala, Sultan, \u00c7\u00f6lm\u0259k\u00e7i, Nax\u00e7\u0131van, Bazar, Da\u015fl\u0131, Pa\u015fa xan, Q\u0259ribl\u0259r oca\u011f\u0131, D\u0259yirmanl\u0131, M\u0259scid, F\u0259hl\u0259 bazar\u0131, T\u0259p\u0259ba\u015f\u0131, Q\u0259biristan, Naib, Mir C\u0259f\u0259r, R\u00fcst\u0259m xan, \u0130mamr\u0259, Korbulaq, B\u0259y, K\u0259tan, D\u00fckanl\u0131, Sallaxlar v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flar diyar\u0131 \u0130r\u0259vanda v\u0259 onun \u0259traf\u0131nda 1473 ba\u011f m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur ki, onlardan 772-si \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 idi. S\u0259rdar ba\u011f\u0131, D\u0259lm\u0259, Abbasd\u0259r\u0259si, Abuh\u0259yat, Ke\u015fa\u011fl\u0131, Q\u0131z\u0131lqala, D\u0259r\u0259 ba\u011f\u0131, S\u0259vzik\u0259ri, Xosrovabad, S\u00f6y\u00fcdl\u00fc, Qul d\u0259r\u0259si, K\u0259nkan, K\u0259rpicxana ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ad-san\u0131 \u0130r\u0259vandan \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox uzaqlara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130r\u0259van ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259zi m\u0259hsullar\u0131 qurudulmu\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 Avropaya ixrac edilirdi.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 onun \u0259traf\u0131nda 45 d\u0259yirman m\u00f6vcud idi. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara m\u0259xsus Hac\u0131b\u0259yim, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan, S\u00fcbhanqulu xan, Qala, Xan, Doqquz d\u0259yirmanlar \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259yirmanlar\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Tarixi \u0259d\u0259biyyatda \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 15-\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u0259scidin v\u0259 iki erm\u0259ni kils\u0259sinin adlar\u0131 ke\u00e7ir. G\u00f6y m\u0259scid (yaxud H\u00fcseyn\u0259li xan), Qala m\u0259scidi (S\u0259rdar, yaxud Abbas Mirz\u0259), \u015eah Abbas, T\u0259p\u0259ba\u015f\u0131, Zal xan (yaxud \u015e\u0259h\u0259r), S\u0259rtib xan, Hac\u0131 Novruz\u0259li b\u0259y, D\u0259mirbulaq, Hac\u0131 C\u0259f\u0259r b\u0259y, R\u0259c\u0259b Pa\u015fa, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d S\u0259rtib xan, Hac\u0131 \u0130nam m\u0259scidl\u0259rinin minar\u0259l\u0259ri uzaqdan \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olmas\u0131n\u0131 ni\u015fan verirdi. Erm\u0259nistanda sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulduqdan sonra m\u0259scidl\u0259r bir-birinin ard\u0131nca da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259scidi olan G\u00f6y m\u0259scidd\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin tarix muzeyi yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f, Zal xan m\u0259scidi r\u0259ssamlar\u0131n s\u0259rgi salonuna \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. Yaln\u0131z D\u0259mirbulaq m\u0259scidi 1988-ci il\u0259d\u0259k \u00f6z m\u0259qs\u0259din\u0259 xidm\u0259t edirdi, haz\u0131rda h\u0259min m\u0259scid d\u0259 yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n silinmi\u015f, onun yerind\u0259 h\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li bina \u00fccald\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259scidl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 m\u00f6vcud olan Po\u011fos-Petros v\u0259 Kato\u011fke kils\u0259l\u0259ri vaxtil\u0259 xristian missionerl\u0259rinin v\u0259saiti hesab\u0131na tikilmi\u015fdi v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259d erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 ax\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi.<\/p>\n
1918-ci ild\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqazda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti – Erm\u0259nistan Respublikas\u0131 yarananda Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin Milli \u015euras\u0131 \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin paytaxt kimi erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir. XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259d\u0259k \u0130r\u0259van qalas\u0131, onun i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Xan saray\u0131, Abbas Mirz\u0259 m\u0259scidi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin tarixi-memarl\u0131q incil\u0259rind\u0259n hesab olunurdu. Erm\u0259ni vandallar\u0131 \u0130r\u0259van qalas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onun i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn tarixi-memarl\u0131q abid\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259dric\u0259n yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n sildil\u0259r. 1924-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n ba\u015f plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlanaraq h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131qdan sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara m\u0259xsus tarixi-memarl\u0131q bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb ed\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn abid\u0259l\u0259ri bir-birinin ard\u0131nca yox etdil\u0259r ki, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van\u0131 erm\u0259ni \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri kimi t\u0259qdim ed\u0259 bilsinl\u0259r. XX \u0259srin 30-40-c\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259ki az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu qoruyub saxlay\u0131rd\u0131. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u0130r\u0259vanda XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn erm\u0259ni m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259ri az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259rini \u00fcz\u00fck qa\u015f\u0131 kimi \u0259hat\u0259l\u0259mi\u015fdi. 50-60-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n kompakt ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259ri, onlar\u0131n q\u0259dim q\u0259biristanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 yeni tikilil\u0259r in\u015fa etm\u0259k b\u0259han\u0259sil\u0259 yerl\u0259 yeksan etdil\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n 1905-1906-c\u0131 ill\u0259r k\u00fctl\u0259vi q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131, 1918-1920-ci ill\u0259r soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, 1948-1953-c\u00fc ill\u0259r v\u0259 1988-1989-cu ill\u0259r deportasiyalar\u0131 \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 simas\u0131n\u0131 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin xeyrin\u0259 tamamil\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirdi. \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n maddi-m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t izl\u0259rini sil\u0259n, ard\u0131nca az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 etnik kimliyini yox ed\u0259r\u0259k monoetnik erm\u0259ni \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri yaratma\u011fa nail olan erm\u0259nil\u0259r indi d\u0259 tarix kitablar\u0131ndan, d\u0259rslikl\u0259rd\u0259n az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n izini silm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Nazim MUSTAFA,<\/p>\n
D\u00f6vl\u0259t M\u00fckafat\u0131 laureat\u0131<\/p>\n