Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 onun a\u011f\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri
\n\u0130ndiki Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 ona biti\u015fik \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 p\u0259rak\u0259nd\u0259 hal\u0131nda ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u00f6z m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rini yaratmaq arzusuna ilkin t\u0259kan ver\u0259n amill\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n ba\u015fl\u0131cas\u0131 XVI-XVII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rl\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259si\u00a0aras\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcr\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. S\u0259f\u0259vi h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 bir s\u0131ra Avropa\u00a0\u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin k\u00f6m\u0259yin\u0259 arxalanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xristian agentl\u0259rd\u0259n-erm\u0259ni tacirl\u0259ri v\u0259 din xadiml\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259\u00a0etmi\u015fdil\u0259r.\u00a0Erm\u0259ni tacirl\u0259ri S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin xarici ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131lar.\u00a0\u015eahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259 olan erm\u0259ni kils\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r verilmi\u015fdi. Onlar vergil\u0259ri yerli hakiml\u0259r\u0259 deyil,\u00a0birba\u015fa \u015fah x\u0259zin\u0259sin\u0259 verirdil\u0259r. Erm\u0259ni tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri I \u015eah Abbas haqq\u0131nda n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259dyanlar ya\u011fd\u0131rsalar da,\u00a0fakt budur ki, 1605-ci ild\u0259 onun f\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 \u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259 p\u0259rak\u0259nd\u0259 ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin y\u0131\u011fcam halda\u00a0ya\u015famalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi \u0259razil\u0259r ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 \u0130sfahan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131n \u0259razid\u0259 Yeni Culfa \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri\u00a0sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, burada ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kils\u0259 v\u0259 monast\u0131r in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, onlar\u0131n xarici ticar\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn geni\u015f imtiyazlar verilmi\u015fdi. H\u0259tta I \u015eah Abbas bu tikilil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u0259zin\u0259d\u0259n pul ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bu i\u015fi m\u00fckafatland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Tezlikl\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r bir s\u0131ra Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 \u0130taliya, Fransa, Prussiya il\u0259\u00a0ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Yeni Culfa tacirl\u0259ri Hindistan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 kontorlar t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdil\u0259r.\u00a0Erm\u0259ni tacirl\u0259ri varland\u0131qca erm\u0259ni kils\u0259l\u0259rinin var-d\u00f6vl\u0259ti a\u015f\u0131b-da\u015f\u0131r, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 onlar\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015ftahalar\u0131 daha da g\u00fccl\u0259nirdi. Bu i\u015fi h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn erm\u0259ni kils\u0259si gizli olaraq Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259\u00a0\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 himay\u0259\u00e7i axtar\u0131rd\u0131. Eyni zamanda erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u015fah saray\u0131na yollar aray\u0131r, \u015fah\u0131n etimad\u0131n\u0131 qazanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0d\u0259rid\u0259n-qab\u0131qdan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131lar. Erm\u0259ni tacirl\u0259ri v\u0259 din xadiml\u0259rinin arzular\u0131 t\u0259dric\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdi. I \u015eah Abbas h\u0259tta S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin xarici siyas\u0259t m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq v\u0259 Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 diplomatik dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar aparmaq s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tini \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015faviri Xoca S\u0259f\u0259r adl\u0131 bir erm\u0259niy\u0259 etibar etmi\u015fdi.
\n1608-ci ild\u0259 I \u015eah Abbas Xoca S\u0259f\u0259r adl\u0131 erm\u0259ninin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 Avropaya ged\u0259n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti vasit\u0259sil\u0259 Roma papas\u0131na, \u0130spaniya kral\u0131na, Toskano hersoquna v\u0259 Venesiya dojuna m\u0259ktublar g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015fdi. Toskano hersoqunun q\u0259bulunda olark\u0259n Xoca S\u0259f\u0259r \u015fah\u0131n m\u0259ktubundan \u0259lav\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin Roma papas\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r\u00a0Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na m\u0259ktublar\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015fdi. T\u0259bii ki, bu m\u0259ktublarda xristian Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 – m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan xristian erm\u0259nil\u0259ri \u00f6z himay\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda xahi\u015fl\u0259r edilmi\u015fdi.\u00a0Daha \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r is\u0259 erm\u0259ni kils\u0259 xadiml\u0259ri katolikos Stepanos Salmastesi (Salmastl\u0131) v\u0259 Abqar Toxatesinin (Tokatl\u0131) ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq namin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259klik g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Avropaya n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti s\u0259yah\u0259t etmi\u015fdi. Lakin n\u0259 papadan, n\u0259 d\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Avropa dinda\u015flar\u0131ndan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131na\u00a0m\u0259h\u0259l qoyan olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. XVII \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda Rusiyan\u0131n \u00f6z m\u00f6vqeyini m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259si \u0259n yax\u0131n xristian \u00f6lk\u0259si kimi erm\u0259ni kils\u0259sinin diqq\u0259tini daha \u00e7ox c\u0259lb etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq\u0259 maraq dair\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 \u0259n \u0259lveri\u015fli himay\u0259\u00e7i Rusiya ola bil\u0259rdi.\u00a0Rusiya \u00e7arlar\u0131n\u0131n xarakterini \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r y\u0259qin etmi\u015fdil\u0259r ki, h\u0259diyy\u0259 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verm\u0259kl\u0259, onlar\u0131 \u00f6z t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259 v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z ist\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 nail ola bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Bu zaman \u0130ranla Rusiya aras\u0131nda ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n erm\u0259ni tacirl\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi. Rusiyada \u0130ran ip\u0259yi alveri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan Yeni\u00a0Culfal\u0131 Xoca Zakar Sarhadov 1660-c\u0131 il avqustun 28-d\u0259 “erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 x\u00fcsusi l\u00fctfkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259” \u00e7ar Aleksey Mixaylovi\u00e7\u0259 qiym\u0259tli h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259r g\u0259tirmi\u015fdi. Bu h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri haz\u0131rda Moskva Kremlinin “Silahlar palatas\u0131nda” saxlan\u0131lan “Almaz taxt”d\u0131r. Fil s\u00fcm\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n, q\u0131z\u0131l v\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n d\u00fcz\u0259ldil\u0259n bu taxt inc\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq \u00fcslubunda i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Onu b\u0259z\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 987 almaz, 1298 yaqut, 18030 \u015e\u0259rq firuz\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Bu h\u0259diyy\u0259nin qiym\u0259ti o vaxtk\u0131 hesabla 22598 rubl 60 q\u0259pik idi. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259 Xoca Zakar r\u0259ssam Baqdan Saltanovun mis l\u00f6vh\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 sur\u0259tini \u00e7\u0259kdiyi Leonardo da Vin\u00e7inin “Sirli gec\u0259” r\u0259smini da \u00e7ara h\u0259diyy\u0259\u00a0g\u0259tirmi\u015fdi.\u00a0Bundan sonra Rusiya il\u0259 ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri saxlayan erm\u0259ni tacirl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rikli kompaniyalar yaratma\u011fa h\u0259r c\u00fcr \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 g\u00f6mr\u00fck m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n onlar\u0131n gedib-g\u0259lm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qada\u011falar g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.\u00a01669-cu il dekabr\u0131n 3-d\u0259 \u0130sfahandak\u0131 erm\u0259ni ticar\u0259t kompaniyas\u0131ndan Stelan Mi\u015fsekov v\u0259 Baqdan Saltanov da h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n ad\u0131na h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 Moskvaya gedirl\u0259r.\u00a01673-c\u00fc il yanvar\u0131n 7-d\u0259 Xoca Zakar \u0130sfahandan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ticar\u0259t xidm\u0259t\u00e7isi Stepan Romadamskinin vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u00e7ara 9062 rubl d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259kli \u0130ran mallar\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015fdi.\u00a01677-ci ild\u0259 katolikos Hakop Cuqaesinin (Culfal\u0131n\u0131n) r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 E\u00e7mi\u0259dzind\u0259 din xadiml\u0259rinin y\u0131\u011f\u0131nca\u011f\u0131 ke\u00e7irilir v\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Avropaya n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k q\u0259rara al\u0131n\u0131r. N\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti \u0130stanbula \u00e7atanda Hakop Cuqaesi \u00f6l\u00fcr v\u0259 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti geri qay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u0259rkibd\u0259n yaln\u0131z atas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t ed\u0259n \u0130srael\u00a0Ori Avropaya s\u0259yah\u0259tini davam etdirir. 20 il Avropan\u0131 g\u0259zib dola\u015fan \u0130srael Ori \u0130taliyada, Fransada v\u0259\u00a0Almaniyada ya\u015fay\u0131r. Fransan\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k dair\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259y\u0259 gir\u0259n \u0130srael Ori erm\u0259nil\u0259rin himay\u0259 edilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini qald\u0131r\u0131r, lakin soyuq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r.\u00a0Avropan\u0131n real k\u00f6m\u0259klik g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 \u0259min olan \u0130srael Ori bu i\u015fd\u0259 yaln\u0131z Rusiyaya arxalanmaq q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259lir. O, 1701-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 28-d\u0259 arximandrit Minas Vartapedl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Bavariya k\u00fcrf\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn (knyaz\u0131n\u0131n) el\u00e7isi kimi I Pyotrun q\u0259buluna g\u0259lir. Onlar erm\u0259ni m\u0259likl\u0259ri ad\u0131ndan \u00e7ara v\u0259 \u015fahzad\u0259y\u0259 (\u00e7arevi\u00e7\u0259) \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259ri g\u0259tirmi\u015fdil\u0259r.\u00a0\u00c7ar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259tiril\u0259n h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259r:<\/p>\n
\u00a0– q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 m\u0259xm\u0259rl\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, q\u0131z\u0131l m\u0259ftill\u0259 tikilmi\u015f, k\u0259narlar\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131la \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 edilmi\u015f t\u00fcrk y\u0259h\u0259ri;<\/p>\n
– q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131 t\u00fcrk \u00e7ulu;<\/p>\n
– q\u0131z\u0131la \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f t\u00fcrk y\u00fcy\u0259ni, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f d\u0259hn\u0259 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259;<\/p>\n
– t\u00fcrk qu\u015fqunu (quyruqalt\u0131s\u0131);<\/p>\n
– misd\u0259n d\u00fcz\u0259ldilmi\u015f, q\u0131z\u0131la \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f iki t\u00fcrk \u00fcz\u0259ngisi;<\/p>\n
– tapq\u0131r v\u0259 ip\u0259k par\u00e7adan qar\u0131nalt\u0131;<\/p>\n
– tiy\u0259si poladdan, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kli, q\u0131z\u0131la \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qabl\u0131 t\u00fcrk q\u0131l\u0131nc\u0131;<\/p>\n
– q\u0131z\u0131l m\u0259ftill\u0259 tikilmi\u015f, q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qapaql\u0131 d\u0259rid\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f su qab\u0131 v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n
\u015eahzad\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259tiril\u0259n h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259r:
\n– s\u00fcvari \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6ym\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, q\u0131z\u0131la \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f, m\u0259xm\u0259r \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u00fc q\u0131n (m\u0259hf\u0259z\u0259);
\n– t\u00fcrk yay\u0131;
\n– 30 d\u0259n\u0259 \u0259la d\u00fcz\u0259ldilmi\u015f t\u00fcrk oxu.
\n\u0130srael Orinin v\u0259 Minas Vartapedin \u00e7ara g\u00f6zqama\u015fd\u0131ran \u0259ntiq t\u00fcrk mallar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259diyy\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259l\u0259ri xalis erm\u0259ni bicliyi idi. Onlar Pyotrun strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli isti bo\u011fazlara \u00e7\u0131xmaq v\u0259 \u0130stanbulu \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259\u00a0d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 al\u0131\u015f\u0131b-yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirdil\u0259r. Bu h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 onlar bu yan\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha da q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b alovland\u0131rmaq ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r. \u0130srael Ori saraya \u00f6z proqram\u0131n\u0131 – Erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130rana 25 minlik qo\u015fun g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259yi t\u0259klif etmi\u015fdi. Bundan sonra sarayda C\u0259nubi Qafqaza y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131q i\u015fl\u0259ri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Ciddi haz\u0131rl\u0131qdan sonra 1707 – ci ild\u0259 Ori polkovnik r\u00fctb\u0259sind\u0259 50 n\u0259f\u0259rlik n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259tinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi \u0130rana yola d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ona orada v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k, xristian \u0259halisi aras\u0131nda t\u0259bli\u011fat aparmaq, m\u00fcdafi\u0259 qalalar\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259nin yollar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat toplamaq tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u015e\u00fcbh\u0259 oyatmamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130srael Orini \u015eah H\u00fcseyn\u0259 Roma papas\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si kimi t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k q\u0259rara al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 1709-cu ild\u0259 o, \u0130sfahana g\u0259lir. 1711-ci ild\u0259\u00a0H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxana qay\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 orada \u00f6l\u00fcr. Sonralar Minas Vartapedl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Yesai katolikos \u0130srael Orinin i\u015fini davam etdirmi\u015fdil\u0259r.\u00a0Rusiya – \u0130ran m\u00fcharib\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 1723-c\u00fc il sentyabr\u0131n 12-d\u0259 ba\u011flanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Gilan, Mazandaran, Astarabad \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259ri, Bak\u0131 v\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259nd \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri Rusiyan\u0131n tabeliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7ir. Noyabr\u0131n 10-da I Pyotr h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb g\u0259tirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yer ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda f\u0259rman verir. H\u0259min f\u0259rmanla \u00e7ar “xristianl\u0131q namin\u0259” erm\u0259ni xalq\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z m\u0259rh\u0259m\u0259tind\u0259 saxlamaq v\u0259 himay\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fdi.
\n1726-c\u0131 il fevral\u0131n 22-d\u0259 imperatri\u00e7\u0259 I Yekaterina erm\u0259nil\u0259rin y\u00fcks\u0259k iltifata v\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259m\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 himay\u0259y\u0259\u00a0layiq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda f\u0259rman verir.\u00a018-ci \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda erm\u0259nil\u0259r yenid\u0259n f\u0259alla\u015f\u0131rlar. 1760-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Hindistan erm\u0259nisi \u0130osif Emin rus h\u00f6kum\u0259ti v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fc \u00e7ar\u0131 il\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar apar\u0131r. \u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin k\u00f6m\u0259yini t\u0259klif edir. 1769-cu ild\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan erm\u0259nisi Movses Safarov saraya layih\u0259 t\u0259qdim edir. O, layih\u0259d\u0259 rus ordusunun
\nk\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 “Erm\u0259nistan\u0131 azad etm\u0259yi” v\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n himay\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurma\u011f\u0131 t\u0259klif etmi\u015fdi. M\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonra, 1780-ci ild\u0259 Rusiyadak\u0131 erm\u0259ni yeparxiyas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u0130osif Arqutinski (Hovsep Arqutyan) v\u0259 Moskva varl\u0131s\u0131 \u0130van Lazarev (Hovhannes Lazaryan) Rusiya h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar apar\u0131rlar ki, Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259si v\u0259 \u0130ran s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rinin k\u0259si\u015fdiyi \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yarats\u0131nlar. Rusiya \u00e7ar\u0131 bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259\u00a0h\u0259rbi y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etm\u0259yi planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlara rus s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259si A. V. Suvorovu c\u0259lb edirl\u0259r. Suvorov is\u0259\u00a0“onlar\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rini b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259 olduqlar\u0131” haqda erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259d vermi\u015fdi. Lakin 1796-c\u0131 ild\u0259\u00a0ba\u015flanan bu y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f sonralar t\u0259xir\u0259 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, II Yekaterinan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu layih\u0259nin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 mane olmu\u015fdu. Qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, Erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rini qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r c\u00fcr vasit\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259l at\u0131r, h\u0259tta h\u0259diyy\u0259\u00a0ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda rus \u00e7arlar\u0131na r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t bel\u0259 verirdil\u0259r. Bununla onlar saray \u0259yanlar\u0131n\u0131n etimad\u0131n\u0131 qazan\u0131r, h\u00f6kum\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif strukturlar\u0131nda, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 h\u0259rbi sah\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rini yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 nail olurdular.\u00a01747-ci ild\u0259 Nadir \u015faha sui-q\u0259sd edildikd\u0259n sonra, ona m\u0259xsus qiym\u0259tli qa\u015fda\u015flar\u0131 vaxtil\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n saray\u0131na yol tapm\u0131\u015f erm\u0259ni Lazar o\u011furlay\u0131r. Haz\u0131rda Moskvada “Silahlar palatas\u0131nda” saxlanan, h\u0259cminin b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259\u00a0v\u0259 safl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 diqq\u0259ti daha \u00e7ox c\u0259lb ed\u0259n \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli brilyant da\u015f Nadir \u015fah\u0131n x\u0259zin\u0259sind\u0259n o\u011furland\u0131qdan 10-15 il sonra H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxana g\u0259tirilmi\u015f, sonralar is\u0259 Sankt-Peterburqda ya\u015fayan erm\u0259ni zad\u0259gan\u0131 \u015eafras\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259\u00a0ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi. \u015eafrasdan h\u0259min brilyant\u0131 kollec m\u00fc\u015faviri Lazarevin vasit\u0259\u00e7iliyi il\u0259 \u00e7ox ucuz qiym\u0259t\u0259 (400 min rubla)\u00a0qraf Q. Orlov x\u0259zin\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 v\u0259 pasxan\u0131n birinci g\u00fcn\u00fc q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yumurtaya b\u0259nz\u0259r futlyar\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259\u00a0imperatri\u00e7\u0259 II Yekaterinaya t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdi. \u015eafras\u0131n qiym\u0259tli brilyant\u0131 ucuz qiym\u0259t\u0259 saraya satmas\u0131 erm\u0259ni bicliyi idi. O, bu g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftin \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 imperatri\u00e7\u0259d\u0259n n\u0259sillikc\u0259 Rusiya zad\u0259gan\u0131 titulu alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259min brilyant\u0131n\u00a0h\u0259cmc\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n balaca ba\u015fqa bir tay\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 Tiflis erm\u0259nisi knyaz Abamelik \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n imperator Pavel Petrovi\u00e7\u0259\u00a0h\u0259diyy\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. \u0130mperator is\u0259 knyaz Abameliki \u015f\u0259xsi s\u0259yin\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259daq\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 s\u0259xav\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fckafatland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ona Podolsk quberniyas\u0131nda m\u00fclk ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015f, o\u011flanlar\u0131n\u0131 qvardiyaya q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdi. Sonralar onlardan ikisi general r\u00fctb\u0259si, dig\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc is\u0259 \u015ftab zabiti r\u00fctb\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lmi\u015fdil\u0259r.\u00a0M\u00fcxt\u0259lif yollarla y\u00fcks\u0259k h\u0259rbi r\u00fctb\u0259l\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 etmi\u015f erm\u0259nil\u0259r rus qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n C\u0259nubi Qafqaza y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc zaman\u0131 ordunun \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 getmi\u015f, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u015eimal v\u0259 C\u0259nub xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259sna rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Erm\u0259ni v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fc zabitl\u0259rinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda Rusiya Nazirl\u0259r Kabinetinin g\u00fcrc\u00fc v\u0259 erm\u0259ni zad\u0259ganlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131n kadet korpusuna (orta h\u0259rbi m\u0259kt\u0259b) q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda 1738-ci il 17 aprel tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259sna rolu olmu\u015fdu.\u00a01797-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 \u00e7ar\u0131n f\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 \u0130ranl\u0131 erm\u0259ni m\u0259likl\u0259rinin v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ita\u0259tind\u0259 olan erm\u0259ni \u0259halisinin (2 min n\u0259f\u0259r) \u00e7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259b\u0259\u0259liyin\u0259 q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si v\u0259 onlar\u0131n Qafqaz x\u0259tti boyunca yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si q\u0259rara al\u0131n\u0131r. 1799-cu il iyunun 3-d\u0259 Kartli v\u0259 Kaxetiya \u00e7ar\u0131 Georgiy\u0259 \u00fcnvanlanan, “Qazax adlanan \u0259razid\u0259 erm\u0259ni m\u0259likl\u0259rini v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ita\u0259tind\u0259 olan erm\u0259nil\u0259ri m\u0259skunla\u015fmaqdan m\u0259hrum etm\u0259m\u0259k” haqda imperator I Pavel ali f\u0259rman vermi\u015fdi. Rusiyaya \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 \u00f6z istila\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q niyy\u0259tini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayan xalqlar\u0131n dilini bil\u0259n m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis-t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r laz\u0131m idi. 1798-ci il iyunun 24-d\u0259 Rusiya Xarici \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Kollegiyas\u0131na f\u0259rman verilmi\u015fdi ki, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7in, mancur, fars, t\u00fcrk v\u0259 tatar dill\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 h\u0259r il 5000 rubl v\u0259sait x\u0259rcl\u0259nsin. Bir az \u0259vv\u0259l, 1797-ci il fevral\u0131n 26-da veril\u0259n f\u0259rmanla is\u0259 Xarici \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Kollegiyas\u0131 yan\u0131nda Asiya xalqlar\u0131 il\u0259 i\u015f aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi Departament yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\u00a0Qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq u\u011frunda uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t g\u0259rgin \u0259m\u0259k s\u0259rf etmi\u015f din xadiml\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 arxiyepiskop Hovsep Arqutyan \u0130osif Arqutinski Dolqoruki olmu\u015fdur. O, daha bic davranm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Argi\u015ftil\u0259rin x\u0259l\u0259fi kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 vermi\u015fdi. Arqutyan h\u0259m\u00e7inin guya erm\u0259ni \u00e7arlar\u0131 zaman\u0131 k\u0259sil\u0259n sikk\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r 17 \u0259d\u0259d sikk\u0259 v\u0259 medallar\u0131 imperator I Pavel\u0259 h\u0259diyy\u0259 edir. \u018fv\u0259zind\u0259 imperator 1890 – c\u0131 il yanvar\u0131n 2-d\u0259 ona xeyir-dua verir. Mart\u0131n 22-d\u0259 Hovsep Arqutyan knyaz \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr,iyulun 28-d\u0259 E\u00e7mi\u0259dzin kils\u0259sinin ali patriarx\u0131, oktyabr\u0131n 30-da is\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn erm\u0259nil\u0259rin katolikosu t\u0259sdiq edilir.
\nOna imperatorun f\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 1000 rubl h\u0259cmind\u0259 illik maa\u015f v\u0259 \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fck t\u0259qa\u00fcd t\u0259yin edilir. E\u00e7mi\u0259dzin\u0259 gedib \u00e7atmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259t\u00e7i d\u0259st\u0259 v\u0259 1000 rubl yol x\u0259rci ayr\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razisind\u0259 ya\u015fayan o\u011fuz boylar\u0131 VII-ci \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n islam dinini q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259\u00a0ba\u015flad\u0131qlar\u0131ndan, erm\u0259nil\u0259r t\u0259dric\u0259n g\u0259lib E\u00e7mi\u0259dzin kils\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r kils\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 sahib \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Matenadaranda saxlanan alq\u0131-satq\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 1431-ci ild\u0259 A\u011fqoyunlu Yaqub pad\u015fah\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si \u018fmir R\u00fcst\u0259m 7 k\u0259ndi (Va\u011far\u015fabad (E\u00e7mi\u0259dzin-\u00dc\u00e7kils\u0259), \u018f\u015ft\u0259r\u0259k, Batrinc, Noraqavit, A\u011funatun, Kir\u0259cli v\u0259\u00a0Mu\u011fni) katolikos Qriqor Makuluya 530 min T\u0259briz dinar\u0131na satm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\u00a0T\u0259dric\u0259n varlanan erm\u0259ni kils\u0259si v\u0259 m\u00fclk\u0259darlar\u0131 bu minvalla 19-cu C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131 \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 60 -dan art\u0131q q\u0259dim o\u011fuz ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 sahib olmu\u015fdular. 19-cu \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131\u00a0i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259ni h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259n s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b \u00e7\u0131xarmaq v\u0259\u00a0g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259min haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\n(Vaqif Arzumanl\u0131, Nazim Mustafa, Tarixin qara s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259ri. Bak\u0131, 1998, s\u0259h. 9-17)<\/p>\n