{"id":6,"date":"2013-08-22T23:21:34","date_gmt":"2013-08-22T23:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/?p=6"},"modified":"2021-07-18T19:41:44","modified_gmt":"2021-07-18T19:41:44","slug":"erm%c9%99ni-m%c9%99s%c9%99l%c9%99sind%c9%99n-erm%c9%99ni-soyqirimina-aparan-yol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/?p=6","title":{"rendered":"\u201cErm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnd\u0259n \u201cerm\u0259ni soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u201dna aparan yol"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Palais-Royal1863\"<\/a>\u201cErm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcrm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Q\u0259rb d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00fcnd\u0259liy\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259n \u201c\u015e\u0259rq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olaraq, XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 3 mart 1878-ci il tarixli San-Stefano m\u00fcqavil\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 13 iyun 1878-ci il tarixli Berlin Konqresind\u0259 r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u201c Erm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcrm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Q\u0259rb d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00fcnd\u0259liy\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259n \u201c\u015e\u0259rq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olaraq, XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 3 mart 1878-ci il tarixli San-Stefano m\u00fcqavil\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 13 iyun 1878-ci il tarixli Berlin Konqresind\u0259 r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdir. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 vilay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 islahatlar apar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sbit ed\u0259n bu q\u0259rarlar \u0259slind\u0259 maraql\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin daxili i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmaq v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259ri silahl\u0131 \u00fcsyanlara t\u0259hrik etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u00fcrs\u0259t vermi\u015fdi. Bir-birinin ard\u0131nca erm\u0259ni siyasi partiyalar\u0131 yaranm\u0131\u015f, silahl\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r meydana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. XIX \u0259srin 90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259n etibar\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259rin kompakt ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 arams\u0131z silahl\u0131 \u00fcsyanlar ba\u015f qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00fcfuz dair\u0259sini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k u\u011frunda b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdi. Almaniya il\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiq kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n etibar\u0259n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Rusiyan\u0131n bo\u011fazlara v\u0259 \u0130stanbula (Konstantinopola) yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259k u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259si yenid\u0259n ba\u015f qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 v\u0259 \u201c\u015e\u0259rq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dni \u00f6z xeyrin\u0259 h\u0259ll etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. 1913-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Rusiya da \u201cm\u0259zlum erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u201din m\u00fcdafi\u0259si u\u011frunda a\u00e7\u0131q \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rq vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 islahatlar ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259bini ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 1914-c\u00fc il, yanvar\u0131n 26-da islahatlar haqq\u0131nda sazi\u015f imzalama\u011fa m\u0259cbur olmu\u015fdu. H\u0259min sazi\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 xarici d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin, birinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, Rusiyan\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259ti alt\u0131nda idar\u0259etm\u0259, dil, h\u0259rbi m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t v\u0259 s. sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f muxtariyy\u0259t verilirdi. Rus-t\u00fcrk m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n faydalanaraq erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u015e\u0259rqi Anadolunun 6 vilay\u0259tind\u0259 \u201cErm\u0259nistan\u201d d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcharib\u0259 ba\u015flamazdan xeyli \u0259vv\u0259l \u00e7ar Rusiyas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq siyas\u0259tind\u0259 azsayl\u0131 xalqlar faktorundan m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259r, aysorlar, yunanlar Rusiyan\u0131n simas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131 diz \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259k bir q\u00fcvv\u0259ni g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. \u201cBirinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 bu xalqlar\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri rus h\u00f6kum\u0259tind\u0259n onlar\u0131 silahland\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 xahi\u015f edir v\u0259 v\u0259d edirdil\u0259r ki, ilk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015fda t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

1914-c\u00fc ilin sonunda Qafqazda t\u0259rkibind\u0259 10 min silahl\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n d\u00f6rd k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc erm\u0259ni drujinas\u0131 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqi Anadoluya h\u00fccumundan ruhlanan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259ri \u201cQ\u0259rbi Erm\u0259nistan\u201d\u0131 azad edib, m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurmaq f\u00fcrs\u0259tini \u0259ld\u0259n verm\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r yerd\u0259 silahl\u0131 basq\u0131nlar ed\u0259r\u0259k t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri q\u0131r\u0131b m\u0259hv etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti erm\u0259nil\u0259rin t\u00fcrk ordusuna arxadan z\u0259rb\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 m\u0259cburiyy\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda qal\u0131b, m\u00fcharib\u0259 rayonundan erm\u0259nil\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259nin i\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259k haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdi. H\u0259r c\u00fcr haz\u0131rl\u0131qdan sonra m\u00fchafiz\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259ti il\u0259 1915-ci il, may\u0131n 28-d\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. K\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn imkanlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli idi v\u0259 h\u0259rb b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259n k\u0259narda ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 \u015famil edilm\u0259mi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Erm\u0259nil\u0259r h\u0259r il aprelin 24-n\u00fc \u201csoyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d kimi qeyd ed\u0259r\u0259k iddia edirl\u0259r ki, guya h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r 1,5 milyon erm\u0259nini q\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259 h\u0259min g\u00fcn, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq, \u0130stanbulda v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 x\u0259yan\u0259t ed\u0259n erm\u0259ni t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259cili olaraq ba\u011flanmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin h\u0259bs edilm\u0259si v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda daxili i\u015fl\u0259r naziri \u0259mr vermi\u015fdi. Bundan sonra 2345 erm\u0259ni x\u0259yan\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259bs edilmi\u015fdi. Maraql\u0131 oras\u0131d\u0131r ki, bu \u0259mrin veril\u0259c\u0259yind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r tutan E\u00e7mi\u0259dzin katolikosu aprelin 22-d\u0259 AB\u015e Prezidentin\u0259 teleqram vurmu\u015fdu ki, erm\u0259nil\u0259ri \u201ct\u00fcrk fanatizminin \u00f6zba\u015f\u0131nal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan xilas etsin\u201d. H\u0259min teleqram aprelin 24-d\u0259, y\u0259ni \u0259mr veril\u0259n g\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131q AB\u015e Prezidentin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u018fslind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r aprelin 24-n\u00fc ona g\u00f6r\u0259 \u201csoyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d kimi qeyd edirl\u0259r ki, yuxar\u0131da qeyd etdiyimiz k\u00f6\u00e7 haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rardan sonra onlar\u0131n \u201cErm\u0259nistan\u201d d\u00f6vl\u0259tini yaratmaq ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri 6 vilay\u0259td\u0259 (\u018frzurum, Van, Bitlis, Xarput, Diyarb\u0259kir, Sivas) onsuz da azl\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259rin say\u0131 minimuma endirilmi\u015fdi. Y\u0259ni onlar\u0131n \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck Erm\u0259nistan\u201d d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq iddialar\u0131 pu\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r 1915-ci ild\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259sind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131, m\u0259ntiql\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin k\u00f6k\u00fc k\u0259silmi\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Lakin ist\u0259r I D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Anadolunun i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 zaman\u0131, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 1917-ci il inqilab\u0131ndan sonra rus qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259sl soyq\u0131r\u0131m t\u00f6r\u0259tmi\u015fl\u0259r. Avstriya t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 professor Erix Fayql t\u00fcrk-m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lg\u0259sini Balkanlardan tutmu\u015f, Qafqaz v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Anadolu daxil olmaqla, b\u00f6y\u00fck bir co\u011frafi m\u0259kanda 1915-1918-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 erm\u0259ni yaraql\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 2,5 milyon m\u00fcs\u0259lman\u0131 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

Bu yax\u0131nlarda Bak\u0131da rus dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015f \u201cBirinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 erm\u0259ni silahl\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqazda f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda general-mayor Bolxovitinovun raportu\u201d (\u201c\u011e\u00e0\u00ef\u00ee\u011f\u00f2 \u00e3\u00e5\u00ed\u00e5\u011f\u00e0\u00eb-\u00ec\u00e0\u00e9\u00ee\u011f\u00e0 \u00c2\u00ee\u00eb\u00f5\u00ee\u00e2\u00e8\u00f2\u00e8\u00ed\u00ee\u00e2\u00e0 \u00ee \u0259\u00e5\u00e9\u00f2\u00e5\u00eb\u00fc\u00ed\u00ee\u00f1\u00f2\u00e8 \u00e0\u011f\u00ec\u00ff\u00ed\u00f1\u00ea\u00e8\u00f5 \u00e2\u00ee\u00ee\u011f\u00f3\u00e6\u00b8\u00ed\u00ed\u00fb\u00f5 \u00ee\u00f2\u011f\u00ff\u0259\u00ee\u00e2 \u00e2\u00a0 \u00d2\u00f3\u011f\u00f6\u00e8\u00e8 \u00e8 \u00c7\u00e0\u00ea\u00e0\u00e2\u00ea\u00e0\u00e7\u00fc\u00e5 \u00e2 \u00cf\u00e5\u011f\u00e2\u00f3\u015f \u00ec\u00e8\u011f\u00ee\u00e2\u00f3\u015f \u00e2\u00ee\u00e9\u00ed\u00f3\u201d, Bak\u0131, \u201cAz\u0259rn\u0259\u015fr\u201d, 2011) adl\u0131 kitab XIX \u0259srin 80-ci ill\u0259rinin ax\u0131rlar\u0131nda v\u0259 Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ill\u0259rind\u0259 erm\u0259ni mill\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 Qafqazda t\u00f6r\u0259tdikl\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rin h\u0259qiqi mahiyy\u0259tini tam \u0259ks etdirir. Kitabda Rus Qafqaz Ordusunun Ba\u015f Q\u0259rargah r\u0259isi, \u00e7ar general-mayoru Leonid Bolxovitinovun 1915-ci il, dekabr ay\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 65 s\u0259hif\u0259lik m\u0259ruz\u0259si t\u0259qdim edilir. Bu materiallar XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 v\u0259 Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ill\u0259rind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259, \u015e\u0259rqi Anadoluda dinc \u0259haliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259tdikl\u0259ri v\u0259h\u015filikl\u0259ri a\u00e7\u0131b g\u00f6st\u0259rir. General Bolxovitinov k\u0259\u015ffiyyat m\u0259lumatlar\u0131na, s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanaraq qondarma \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin yaranmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini, erm\u0259ni mill\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rinin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin dinc sakinl\u0259rinin qan\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6km\u0259k, onlar\u0131 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirm\u0259k bahas\u0131na m\u00fcst\u0259qil Erm\u0259nistan yaratmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rini a\u00e7\u0131b g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259lumdur ki, Sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 1917-ci il, dekabr\u0131n 29-da \u201cT\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131\u201d haqq\u0131nda dekret q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdir. \u018fg\u0259r erm\u0259nil\u0259r T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u201csoyq\u0131r\u0131m\u201da m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131lar v\u0259 yaxud h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259mizl\u0259nmi\u015f olsayd\u0131lar onda bel\u0259 f\u0259rman verm\u0259y\u0259 he\u00e7 ehtiyac bel\u0259 qalmazd\u0131. Bu dekret T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn erm\u0259nil\u0259rin i\u015ftahas\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r 1918-20-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 fasil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u018frzurumdan tutmu\u015f, Qars vilay\u0259tin\u0259d\u0259k b\u00f6y\u00fck bir \u0259razid\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 soyq\u0131r\u0131m h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdil\u0259r. M\u0259cburiyy\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda qalan t\u00fcrk ordusu iki ild\u0259 – 1918-ci v\u0259 1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259ri erm\u0259ni silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259mizl\u0259mi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

1921-ci ild\u0259 Qars m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan aras\u0131nda mehriban qon\u015fuluq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259min vaxtlarda r\u0259smi \u0130r\u0259van T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259r hans\u0131 iddia ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u0259mi\u015fdi. 1965-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u201csoyq\u0131r\u0131m\u201d iddias\u0131 erm\u0259ni lobbisinin v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259zyiq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k, onu n\u0259d\u0259s\u0259 g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259 vadar etm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olaraq qabard\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 c\u0259mi n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r erm\u0259ni ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r?<\/p>\n

1915-ci ild\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 q\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sl m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259ri erm\u0259nil\u0259r deyill\u0259r. Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alamaq ist\u0259y\u0259n xristian d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin missionerl\u0259ri ilk d\u0259f\u0259 bel\u0259 bir iddia il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etmi\u015fl\u0259r. B\u0259s h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 erm\u0259ni t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r erm\u0259ninin q\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015fl\u0259r? Bu suala cavab verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u0259 Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r erm\u0259ninin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1844-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n siyah\u0131yaalma zaman\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti 14 ya\u015fdan yuxar\u0131, 70 ya\u015fdan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 600 min erm\u0259ninin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015fdi. Ubicini\u00a0 1854-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Parisd\u0259 d\u0259rc etdirdiyi kitab\u0131nda vergi ver\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131 mexaniki olaraq 4-\u0259 vurmaqla, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 2,4 milyon erm\u0259ninin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015fdi. Bu r\u0259q\u0259mi erm\u0259ni patriarxl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq, aradan ke\u00e7\u0259n 25 ild\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin 360 min n\u0259f\u0259r artmas\u0131n\u0131 ehtimal ed\u0259r\u0259k, Berlin konqresind\u0259 2,76 milyon erm\u0259ninin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Tarix\u00e7i A. Arakelyan yaz\u0131r ki, alman missioneri \u0130ohann Lepsiusun 1913-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u201cDer Christliche Orient\u201d jurnal\u0131nda d\u0259rc etdirdiyi m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 Asiya T\u00fcrkiy\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin say\u0131 1 milyon 181 min 066 n\u0259f\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifi qeyd edir ki, 6 vilay\u0259td\u0259 ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 Kilikiyada (y\u0259ni Adana v\u0259 H\u0259l\u0259b vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259), habel\u0259 \u0130stanbulda v\u0259 dig\u0259r yerl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin say\u0131 g\u0259lin\u0259rs\u0259, onda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 imperiyas\u0131nda erm\u0259nil\u0259rin say\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtimalla 1,5 milyona \u00e7ata bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Dem\u0259li, 1,5 milyon erm\u0259ninin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u201csoyq\u0131r\u0131m\u201da m\u0259ruz qoyulmas\u0131 iddias\u0131 c\u0259f\u0259ngiyyatdan ba\u015fqa bir \u015fey deyil.<\/p>\n

\u201cErm\u0259ni soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u201dn\u0131n<\/p>\n

ideya m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259ri kiml\u0259rdir?<\/p>\n

Q\u0259rb d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 Rusiya Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif planlar c\u0131z\u0131r, h\u0259min planlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yollar axtar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin daxili i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n tutarl\u0131 vasit\u0259 kimi T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan xristian azl\u0131qlar\u0131n m\u0259nafeyinin \u201cm\u00fcdafi\u0259si\u201d m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si qabard\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130mperiya \u0259razisind\u0259 aysorlar, yunanlar, xristian \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r ya\u015fasalar da, erm\u0259ni azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha \u00e7ox diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259kirdi. Bu, onlar\u0131n xarakterind\u0259n – satq\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u015f\u0259rait\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq din v\u0259 m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259rini d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k xisl\u0259tind\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259lirdi.<\/p>\n

Anadoluya yeridilmi\u015f xristian missionerl\u0259ri erm\u0259nil\u0259rin bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, onlar\u0131 himay\u0259 etm\u0259k ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1877-1878-ci ill\u0259r Rusiya-T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin g\u00fcnd\u0259liy\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Anadoluda erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 muxtariyy\u0259t verilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 Berlin m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra erm\u0259ni silahl\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259si, onlar\u0131n \u00fcsyana haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Rusiya v\u0259 Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri ciddi s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r. \u201cDa\u015fnaks\u00fctyun\u201d v\u0259 \u201cHn\u00e7ak\u201d partiyalar\u0131 da Anadoluda gizli silahl\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n Anadoluda bir-birinin ard\u0131nca ba\u015f qald\u0131ran erm\u0259ni \u00fcsyanlar\u0131 xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, erm\u0259nil\u0259r silahla v\u0259 pulla t\u0259chiz edilirdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin Anadoluda m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t yaratmaq niyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259ni par\u00e7alamaq ist\u0259y\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n diplomatik n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259likl\u0259rin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015f verilmi\u015fdi ki, t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u201cqani\u00e7\u0259n\u201d, \u201cc\u0259llad\u201d obraz\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etsinl\u0259r. Ard\u0131 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti say\u0131m\u0131zda.<\/p>\n

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