{"id":99,"date":"2013-08-23T23:12:32","date_gmt":"2013-08-23T23:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/?p=99"},"modified":"2021-07-18T19:41:44","modified_gmt":"2021-07-18T19:41:44","slug":"ermenilerin-kars-vilayetinde-1914-1915-yillarinda-yaptiklari-soykirim-uzerine-yeni-arastirmalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/?p=99","title":{"rendered":"ERMENILERIN KARS VILAYETINDE 1914-1915 YILLARINDA YAPTIKLARI SOYKIRIM \u00dcZERINE YEN\u0130 ARA\u015eTIRMALAR…"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Naz\u0131m MUSTAFA, Azerbaycarc Milli \u0130limler Akademisi, Ara\u015ft\u0131rma G\u00f6revlisi
\nT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktaran: Telli AHUNDOVA<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/div>\n

\nERC\u0130YES dergisi-Ocak 2008,Y\u0131l: 31,Say\u0131:361<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131n ana vatan\u0131 olarak bilinen Kars yaylas\u0131, stratejik \u00f6nemi sebebiyle zaman-zaman g\u00f6\u00e7lere ve olaylara sahne olmu\u015ftur.1877-1878 y\u0131llar\u0131 Rusya-T\u00fcrkiye sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda imzalanan Ayastefanos (San-Stefano) antla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, Kars, Ardahan ve Batum eyaletleri harp tazminat\u0131 olarak Rusya’ya birle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Aral\u0131k 1878’de harbi-inzibati arazi vahidi \u015feklinde merkezi direk Tiflis’te olan, Kafkas y\u00f6netimine tabi\u0131 Kars vilayeti te\u015fkil edilmi\u015fti. 1879 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Kars vilayetine toplu \u015fekilde Ermeniler, Yunanlar, Ruslar ve K\u00fcrtlerin yerle\u015ftirilmesinden sonra, yerli T\u00fcrk ahali s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak T\u00fcrkiye’nin i\u00e7lerine g\u00f6\u00e7me\u011fe mecbur edilmi\u015ftir. Sadece 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda 74 bin T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7me\u011fe mecbur olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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1914 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Kars vilayetinde 110 bin Ermeni, 27 bin K\u00fcrt, 19 bin Rus (esasen molokanlar ve duhoborlar) yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. O s\u0131ralarda Ardahan, Ka\u011f\u0131zman, Kars ve Oltu k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan ibaret olan Kars vilayetinde 150 binden fazla T\u00fcrk ya\u015f\u0131yordu. (1)
\n20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Rusya Do\u011fu Anadoluyu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckle i\u015fgal etmek, \u0130skenderun’a ve Basra k\u00f6rfezine \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in geni\u015f harb\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131yordu. Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu’da kendi konumunu kuvvetlendirmek isteyen devletler; Rusya, Almanya, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, San-Stefano antla\u015fmas\u0131nda (madde 16) ve Berlin Kongresinde (madde 61) ortaya at\u0131lan ‘Ermeni muhtariyeti’ kart\u0131ndan yararlanmak istiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

‘Ta\u015fnaks\u00fctun’ partisi Rusya’n\u0131n sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilerek, Kafkas cephesinde Ermenilerden ibaret silahl\u0131 desteler yaratma te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu partinin Tiflis’te faaliyet g\u00f6steren b\u00fcrosu cani\u015fin Vorontsov-Da\u015fkov 24 Aral\u0131k 1912 tarihinde \u00c7ar II. Nikolay’a ba\u015fvurarak bildirmi\u015ftir ki, T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fayan ‘zahmetsever’ Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131 kendi himayesine als\u0131n.(2) Haziran 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya’n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’ye sundu\u011fu programda g\u00f6steriliyordu ki, Do\u011fu Anadolu’nun Erzurum, Van, Bitlis, Diyarbak\u0131r, Harput ve Sivas eyaletleri birle\u015ftirilerek ‘Ermeni vilayeti’ olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. 8 \u015eubat 1914 tarihinde ise eyaletlerde islahatlar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili Rusya ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda raz\u0131l\u0131k elde edilmi\u015fti.(3)<\/p>\n

I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa Rusya ile harbi ittifak ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’nin ise bu devletlerin i\u015fgalcilik planlar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in Almanya ile m\u00fcttefik olmaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7aresi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131ktan bir g\u00fcn sonra – yani 2 A\u011fustos’ta- Almanya ile harbi ittifak ba\u011flar ba\u011flamaz, Almanya onu Karadeniz’de Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa tahrik etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Uzunlu\u011fu 720 km olan Kafkas cephesinde 250 binlik Rus ordusu ve onun terkibinde 4 b\u00f6l\u00fckte birle\u015fen 10 binlik Ermeni silahl\u0131 desteleri sava\u015fa ciddi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. 1 Kas\u0131m’da Rusya Kafkas’ta T\u00fcrkiye’ye kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ilan etmi\u015f, bir g\u00fcn sonra \u00fc\u00e7 istikamette – Oltu, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f ve Ka\u011f\u0131zman y\u00f6nlerinde- h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. T\u00fcrk askerleri de kendi kuvvetlerini Erzurum istikametinde cemle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. (4)<\/p>\n

General Baratov’un komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda vuru\u015fan Ermeni-Rus askerlerini Hasan \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n komutas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkler 10 Kas\u0131m’da K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda ma\u011flup ederek, onlar\u0131 geri \u00e7ekilme\u011fe mecbur etmi\u015fti. Bu zaman \u00c7ar II. Nikolay Kafkas b\u00f6lgesine gelip, ma\u011flup olmu\u015f Rus askerlerini ruhland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in onlar\u0131 m\u00fck\u00e4fatland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1878 sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Rus-Ermeni i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda inleyen Kars vilayetinin yerli T\u00fcrk ahalisi kara g\u00fcnlerin sona yetti\u011fini zan edip T\u00fcrk askerlerinin zafer y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinden sevinip, kurbanlar kesip, bir birlerini m\u00fcjdelemi\u015flerdi. (5) Lakin onlar\u0131n bu sevinci uzun s\u00fcrmemi\u015fti. K\u00f6pr\u00fck\u00f6y zaferinden ruhlanan savunma bakan\u0131 Enver Pa\u015fa sert k\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almadan, Oltu-Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f istikametinde h\u00fccumu devam ettirmi\u015fti. 25 g\u00fcnl\u00fck kanl\u0131 sava\u015fta T\u00fcrk askerlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu karl\u0131 da\u011f ge\u00e7itlerinde, da\u011flarda so\u011fuktan donup mahvolmu\u015ftu. 100 binlik \u00fc\u00e7 alaydan toplam 15 bin T\u00fcrk askeri sa\u011f kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (6)<\/p>\n

Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f ma\u011flubiyetinden sonra, 3 Ocak’ta \u00f6nde Ermeni silahl\u0131 desteleri olmakla, Rus askerleri \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r’dan ba\u015flayarak, Ardahan istikametinde h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7iyorlard\u0131. Bask\u0131nlara u\u011frayan ilk ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131 Kenarbel k\u00f6y\u00fc oluyordu. Sonra Ermeni-Rus birle\u015fmeleri Meryem ve Kotanl\u0131 k\u00f6ylerinde soyk\u0131r\u0131m yaparak Ardahan’da, sonra ise G\u00f6le ve Olur (Tavuskar) il\u00e7elerinde katliamlar yaparak 40 bin T\u00fcrk’\u00fc \u015fehit etmi\u015fti. (7)<\/p>\n

‘Ta\u015fnaks\u00fctun’ partisi f\u0131rsattan yararlanarak, b\u00fct\u00fcn cephe boyu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6ylerinin ahalisini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek ve kovmakla, etnik temizleme operasyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu.<\/p>\n

15-18 \u015eubat 1918 tarihinde Tiflis’te ‘Ta\u015fnaksutyun’ partisinin 9. kurultay\u0131nda Ermeni silahl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcklerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n vahit taktik etraf\u0131nda birle\u015fmesi ve uygun ortamdan yararlan\u0131p, s\u0131n\u0131r vilayetlerinden T\u00fcrkleri s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131na var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ete ba\u015f\u0131 Andranik cephe b\u00f6lgesinden gelip kurultayda konu\u015fma yaparak silahlanma i\u015fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi, bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da vesait ay\u0131rmay\u0131, Ermeni b\u00f6l\u00fcklerini vahit cephede birle\u015ftirmeyi esas maksat olarak koymu\u015ftu. ( 8 )<\/p>\n

1915 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak-Nisan aylar\u0131nda Ermeni-Rus birliklerinin Ka\u011f\u0131zman, Kars, Oltu ve Ardahan b\u00f6lgelerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri bask\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemeyecek kadar fazlad\u0131r. Karl\u0131 so\u011fuk g\u00fcnlerde bask\u0131nlardan ka\u00e7\u0131p can\u0131n\u0131 kurtaran on binlerce M\u00fcsl\u00fcman da\u011flarda, derelerde kurda ku\u015fa yem olmu\u015ftu. Kar eridikten sonra onlar\u0131n cesetleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lakin onlar\u0131 defin edecek kimse kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcney-Bat\u0131 Kafkas h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 olan Fahrettin Erdo\u011fan Nisan 1915’te Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f’tan Molla Mustafa’n\u0131n ona g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektubundan \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rnek veriyor: ‘Karlar erimi\u015f, bahar gelmi\u015ftir. Kars valisi (Zibovi\u00e7) Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f kaymakam\u0131na emir etmi\u015f ki, Selim b\u00f6lgesindeki T\u00fcrklerden 300 i\u015f\u00e7i toplay\u0131n ve her 100 ki\u015finin ba\u015f\u0131nda bir hoca bulunsun. Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f ormanlar\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrklerin cesetlerini toplayarak defin etsinler. Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f’\u0131n T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerinden toplanan 300 i\u015f\u00e7i ile ben de gittim. Ormanlar i\u00e7erisinde donup kalan cenazeler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck hendekler haz\u0131rlad\u0131k, baz\u0131s\u0131na 800, baz\u0131s\u0131na 500, baz\u0131s\u0131na da 1000 T\u00fcrk \u015fehitlerini merasimle g\u00f6md\u00fck, her hende\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7 \u015fehidin defin olundu\u011funu yazarak takt\u0131k, bir haftaya kadar bu cenazelerin toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, \u015fehitlerin say\u0131 12000’e var\u0131yordu. Rus ordusu ilerledik\u00e7e ka\u00e7\u0131p gelen Ermeni muhacirlerini Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f k\u00f6ylerinde yerle\u015ftiriyorlard\u0131. Rus ordusunun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerdeki T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerine mezalim yap\u0131yorlar ve i\u00e7teki Ermeniler de ordunun ilerledi\u011fini ve yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e, T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerini yak\u0131p talan ediyorlard\u0131…’<\/p>\n

F. Erdo\u011fan sonra ekliyor ki, bu zaman Kars \u015fehrinde T\u00fcrk kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 zaten. Yaln\u0131z Evliya camisinin imam\u0131 Haf\u0131z Kurban Efendi \u00f6len T\u00fcrkleri dini merasimle defin etmek i\u00e7in orada kalm\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f. M\u00fcft\u00fc Ali Efendi ile Tacir Arif A\u011fa Tiflis’e gidip, Ermenilerin ve Ruslar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 vah\u015filikleri Bak\u00fc Cemiyeti Hayriyesine bildirmi\u015ftiler. (9)<\/p>\n

I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz Hac\u0131 Zeynalabidin Ta\u011f\u0131yev’in ba\u015fkan oldu\u011fu Bak\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hayriye Cemiyeti Kafkas cephesindeki sava\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinden g\u00f6\u00e7enlere, velilerini kaybetmi\u015f \u00e7ocuklara, kimsesiz ya\u015fl\u0131lara karde\u015flik yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 esirgememi\u015ftir. Bu cemiyet sava\u015ftan zarar g\u00f6renlere yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in Rusya \u00e7ar\u0131na dilek\u00e7e ile \u00fc\u00e7 defa ba\u015fvuruda bulunulmu\u015ftu. Lakin her defas\u0131nda red cevab\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bundan sonra cemiyet Ali Merdan Bey Top\u00e7uba\u015fov’un ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Tiflis’e – Kafkas cani\u015fininin yan\u0131na- heyet g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Onlara – ‘Siz Kafkasl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, bizim d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131za yard\u0131m etmek istiyorsunuz. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131 buna izin verilmez’ – cevab\u0131 gelmi\u015fti. Bu zaman Ali Merdan Bey Top\u00e7uba\u015fov demi\u015fti: ‘Siz, iki devlet – Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu ile Rusya \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 muharebe ediyorsunuz. Biz sizin d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131za de\u011fil, i\u015fgaliniz alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z vilayetlerdeki peri\u015fan karde\u015flerimize insani ve maddi yard\u0131m g\u00f6stermek istiyoruz’. Bundan sonra cemiyet \u00fcyelerine Kars vilayetine gitme\u011fe izin verilmi\u015fti. (10)<\/p>\n

Kars vilayetinde T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kendi g\u00f6zleri ile g\u00f6ren \u00d6mer Faik Nemanzade, 21 Ocak 1915’te ‘\u0130kbal’ gazetesinde ‘Bir lokma ekmek’ makalesinde yaz\u0131yordu: ‘Ahalkelekten Ardahan’a Oltu’ya gidin. Uzun \u015fose yolu musibetin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olan Zazola k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Oltu’ya 180-200 km’dir. Bu yol boyunca gidin, iki tarafa bak\u0131n, oralarda binlerle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6y\u00fc uzaktan birer karalt\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir…<\/p>\n

K\u00f6ye yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7e orada burada karlarla yar\u0131m-yamalak \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f boz lekeler, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar dikkatinizi \u00e7ekecektir. B\u0131rak\u0131n ben size bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyeyim. Sanki tabiat burada M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n binlerle \u015fehit edilece\u011fini bilmi\u015f, hepsi i\u00e7in bu yumu\u015fak kal\u0131n kardan umumi kefen haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f, r\u00fczg\u00e4r vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile onlar\u0131, o kurbanlar\u0131 becerebildi\u011fi kadar g\u00f6mm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.’ (11)<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemin facias\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ‘T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc’ dergisi yaz\u0131yor: ‘Analar\u0131, oabalar\u0131 \u015fehit olmu\u015f veya gece vakti ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k kap\u0131lardan giren kurtlar yedi, sa\u011f kalan (yetimler) kazaklar\u0131n ‘at d\u0131\u015fk\u0131sl\u0131ndaki’ donmu\u015f arpay\u0131 yemek suretiyle a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 giderirken, Mart ay\u0131nda Bak\u00fc \u0130slam Hayriyesinin g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi \u00fcniversiteli gen\u00e7 Gazakl\u0131 Mustafa Vekilov ve Cemal Karaba\u011f kayaklarla gelip, Ardahan k\u00f6ylerindeki bu faciay\u0131 g\u00f6rerek, yan\u0131p yak\u0131ld\u0131lar. Cemiyete rapor verdiler. Canlar\u0131n\u0131 zorla kurtaran Ardahanl\u0131lar Posof ile \u015eav\u015fata ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, orada a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yoksulluktan \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. (12)<\/p>\n

Mart 1915’te Bak\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hayriye Cemiyeti Kars etraf\u0131ndaki ordudakilere yard\u0131m i\u00e7in Husrev Bey Sultanov’un ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile komisyon g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Nevruz bayram\u0131 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda yola \u00e7\u0131kan komisyon Mart\u0131n 21’de Gence’ye gelmi\u015f, onlar\u0131 Hasan Bey A\u011fayev, Halil Bey Refibeyov kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ek olarak da maddi yard\u0131m g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fti. Gence’de \u015fair Ahmed Cevad da g\u00f6nderilen heyete kat\u0131larak, Karsa yard\u0131m etmeye gitmi\u015fti. (13)<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Anadolu’nun Kars, Ardahan, Ka\u011f\u0131zman ve Oltu b\u00f6lgelerinde bask\u0131nlardan zarar g\u00f6renlere erzak ve giysi g\u00f6t\u00fcren bu heyetin \u00fcyelerinden Mustafa Vekilov, Alihan Kandemir, Ahmet Cevdet (Piriyev) , \u0130smail Hazaral\u0131, doktorlar Bahadur Ali ve Ordubadski hayli i\u015f g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Kars’tan ilave, Ardahan’da cemiyetin \u015fubesini yaratm\u0131\u015f Bahad\u0131r Bey’in ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile eczane, De\u011firmenk\u00f6y’de tedavi m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r, G\u00f6le, Posof il\u00e7elerinde m\u00fc\u015favirlikler te\u015fkil edili\u015fti. Bu komisyon yerli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahalinin hukuklar\u0131n\u0131n savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015f, bask\u0131nlara g\u00f6z yuman veya ortam haz\u0131rlayan Kars valisi Podgurski, Ardahan m\u00fcvekkili Nikolayev, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r kaymakam\u0131 Georgadze mahkemeye verilerek, ba\u015fka yerlere s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. (14)<\/p>\n

Komisyon heyetinin \u00fcyesi \u0130smail Hazaral\u0131 hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda yaz\u0131yor ki, Azerbaycan Hayriye Cemiyeti Rus i\u015fgalindeki Do\u011fu Anadolu vilayet-lerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi heyet arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile 12000 yetim \u00e7ocuk toplad\u0131, milyonlar de\u011ferinde erzak ve giysi g\u00f6nderdi. T\u00fcrklere tehdit ve tecav\u00fcz eden ve buna benzer k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler yapan bir\u00e7ok r\u00fctbeli Rus mahkemesine verildi ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bununla da T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kendi ba\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131lan harek\u00e4tlara son verildi. (15)<\/p>\n

Sonralar Karaba\u011f’\u0131n general-valisi olmu\u015f doktor Husrev Bey Sultanov ‘Kaspi’ gazetesine Ardahan’dan g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektupta yaz\u0131yordu:
\n‘… Eyaletin b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u0131nt\u0131kalar\u0131nda beni adem g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Yaln\u0131z iki m\u0131nt\u0131kaya 500-600 kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7lerinde toplam 6 ki\u015fi elden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ihtiyar adam vard\u0131r.’ (16)<\/p>\n

Bak\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hayriye Cemiyeti Do\u011fu Anadolu’ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi heyetinin verdi\u011fi bilgiler esas\u0131nda beyanname kabul etmi\u015fti. Bu beyannamede cemiyet Kars ve Ardahan taraflar\u0131nda kalan kimsesiz kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n Bak\u00fc’ye ve Gence’ye getirilmesi niyetinde oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015f, oradan getirilen yetim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sahipkarlar\u0131n ve m\u00fclk sahiplerinin himayesine verilmesini karara alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nO d\u00f6nemde \u015fimdiki Ermenistan b\u00f6lgesinde ve ona birle\u015fik Do\u011fu Anadolu’nun Rus-Ermeni i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda olan b\u00f6lgelerinden can\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u0131p ka\u00e7a bilen kimsesiz \u00e7ocuk ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Azerbaycan’a m\u00fclteci getirmi\u015fti. Tiflis’teki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hayriye Cemiyeti g\u00f6\u00e7men yetimlerin az bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yetimhanede himayeye g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin ekseriyeti ise Bak\u00fc’ye y\u00fcz tutuyordu. Bak\u00fc yetimhanelerinde Erzurum cephesinden getirilmi\u015f 1000 kadar \u00e7ocuk ve kad\u0131n yerte\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Genellikle, 1914-1915 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kars vilayetinin Ardahan dairesinde 110, Ka\u011f\u0131zman dairesinde 75, Kars dairesinde 130, Oltu deresinde 90 k\u00f6y tamamile da\u011f\u0131tllm\u0131\u015f ve ahafisi soyk\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Genellikle, Kars vilayetinde bir tek 1914-1915 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 405 k\u00f6yde Ermeniler T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin 1914’\u00fcn sonu ve 1915 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca soyk\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalmas\u0131na s\u00fcbut olarak, o d\u00f6nemde Tiflis’te yay\u0131nlanan y\u0131ll\u0131k ‘Kafkas takvim’lerinde ahalinin say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda istatistik bilgilerden g\u00f6rebiliriz. Ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0131nt\u0131kalar\u0131nda yerli ahali kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Ardahan dairesinde 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Oltu dairesinde ise 1915 ve 1916 y\u0131llar\u0131nda n\u00fcfusa alma m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.(17) Genelde, 1914-1915 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kars vilayetinde 150 bine yak\u0131n T\u00fcrk soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maalesef Ermeni-Rus birle\u015fmelerinin Kars vilayetinde T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fcnya toplumuna ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/p>\n

1. Pogosyan A. Karsskaya oblast v sostave Rossii, Erevan, 1983, s.122.
\n2. Kirakosyan C. Zapadnaya Armeniya v god\u0131 pervoy mirovoy voyn\u0131, Erevan, 1971, s.126.
\n3. \u0130storiya armyanskogo naroda, Erevan, 1980, s.259.
\n4. Yene orada, s.262.
\n5. K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu F. Kars Tarihi, \u0130stanbul, 1953, s.533.
\n6. Kocaba\u015f S. Tarihte T\u00fcrk-Rus M\u00fccadele-si, \u0130stanbul, 1989, s. 383.
\n7. Cenub-Garbi Kafkas H\u00fck\u00fcmeti M\u00fcvekkata-i Milliyesi, Ankara, 1986, s.76.
\n8. Nadjafov Bahtiyar, Litso vraga, Bak\u00fc, 1993, s.324-325.
\n9. Fahrettin Erdo\u011fan, T\u00fcrk Ellerinde Hat\u0131ralar\u0131m, Ankara, 1954, s.86-87.
\n10. Aran Memmed Sad\u0131k, Garda\u015f k\u00f6meyi, (1951) , ‘Edebiyat ve \u0130ncesanat’ gazetesi, 2 Ekim 1991.
\n11. Nemanzade \u00d6mer Faik, Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f eserleri, Bak\u00fc, 1992, s.210-213.
\n12. T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc dergisi, 1972, No.126, s.431.
\n13. Selaheddin E., Azerbaycan \u015fiirinin Ahmed Cavad devri, ‘Hayat’ gazetesi, 12 May\u0131s 1992.
\n14. T\u00fcrk K\u00fctt\u00fcr\u00fc dergisi, 1972, No.126, s.435.
\n15. Aran Memmed Sadtk, G\u00f6sterilen makalesi.
\n16. ‘Kaspi’, 8 Nisan 1915.
\n17. Kafkazskiy kalendar na 1916 g, Tiflis,. 1915, s.118.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\t\t \t\t\"\"<\/a> \t\t  <\/span> \t\tM\u0259qal\u0259ni PDF format\u0131na \u00e7evir<\/span> \t\t  <\/span> \t\t \t\t \t<\/form> <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Naz\u0131m MUSTAFA, Azerbaycarc Milli \u0130limler Akademisi, Ara\u015ft\u0131rma G\u00f6revlisi T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktaran: Telli AHUNDOVA ERC\u0130YES dergisi-Ocak 2008,Y\u0131l: 31,Say\u0131:361 O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131n ana vatan\u0131 olarak bilinen Kars yaylas\u0131, stratejik \u00f6nemi sebebiyle zaman-zaman g\u00f6\u00e7lere ve olaylara sahne olmu\u015ftur.1877-1878 y\u0131llar\u0131 Rusya-T\u00fcrkiye sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda imzalanan Ayastefanos (San-Stefano) antla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, Kars, Ardahan ve Batum eyaletleri harp tazminat\u0131 olarak Rusya’ya birle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Aral\u0131k 1878’de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":502,"featured_media":100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/502"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=99"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":526,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99\/revisions\/526"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=99"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=99"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nazimmustafa.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=99"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}